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      Rosemary Essential Oil-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles: In Vivo Topical Activity from Gel Vehicles

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          Abstract

          Although rosemary essential oil (EO) shows many biological activities, its topical benefits have not been clearly demonstrated. In this work, we assessed the effects on skin hydration and elasticity of rosemary EO after topical application via gel vehicles in human volunteers. To improve its topical efficacy, rosemary EO was loaded into lipid nanoparticles (NLCs) consisting of cetyl palmitate as a solid lipid, and non-ionic surfactants. Such NLCs were prepared using different ratios of EO/solid lipid and those containing EO 3% w/ w and cetyl pamitate 7% w/ w were selected for in vivo studies, showing the best technological properties (small particle size, low polydispersity index and good stability). Gels containing free EO or EO-loaded NLCs were applied on the hand skin surface of ten healthy volunteers twice a day for one week. Skin hydration and elasticity changes were recorded using the instrument Soft Plus. Gels containing EO-loaded NLCs showed a significant increase in skin hydration in comparison with gels containing free EO. Skin elasticity increased, as well, although to a lesser extent. The results of this study point out the usefulness of rosemary EO-loaded NLCs for the treatment of cutaneous alterations involving loss of skin hydration and elasticity.

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          A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils

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            Essential Oils Loaded in Nanosystems: A Developing Strategy for a Successful Therapeutic Approach

            Essential oils are complex blends of a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components, and aliphatic components having a strong interest in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. Since the middle ages, essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, and other medicinal properties such as analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, and locally anaesthetic remedies. In this review their nanoencapsulation in drug delivery systems has been proposed for their capability of decreasing volatility, improving the stability, water solubility, and efficacy of essential oil-based formulations, by maintenance of therapeutic efficacy. Two categories of nanocarriers can be proposed: polymeric nanoparticulate formulations, extensively studied with significant improvement of the essential oil antimicrobial activity, and lipid carriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid particles, and nano- and microemulsions. Furthermore, molecular complexes such as cyclodextrin inclusion complexes also represent a valid strategy to increase water solubility and stability and bioavailability and decrease volatility of essential oils.
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              Biological properties of essential oils: an updated review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pharmaceutics
                Pharmaceutics
                pharmaceutics
                Pharmaceutics
                MDPI
                1999-4923
                21 October 2017
                December 2017
                : 9
                : 4
                : 48
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
                [2 ]Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; lpasquin@ 123456unict.it (L.P.); rita.turnaturi@ 123456tiscali.it (R.T.)
                [3 ]Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, 95125 Catania, Italy; azappala@ 123456unict.it
                [4 ]Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; santinachiechio@ 123456unict.it (S.C.); cparenti@ 123456unict.it (C.P.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: lmontene@ 123456unict.it ; Tel.: +39-095-738-4010
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-3368
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-391X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-7820
                Article
                pharmaceutics-09-00048
                10.3390/pharmaceutics9040048
                5750654
                29065483
                de8476f0-745c-4188-815e-ee570fc5f5fc
                © 2017 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 26 September 2017
                : 18 October 2017
                Categories
                Article

                rosemary essential oil,lipid nanoparticles,skin hydration,skin elasticity,in vivo evaluation,essential oils

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