History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites

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Abstract

An annotated guide to navigate the intricate history of the attempts to measure the Lense-Thirring orbital precessions with artificial satellites is offered to the reader.

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The gravity recovery and climate experiment: Mission overview and early results

B. Tapley, C REIGBER, M. Watkins … (2004)

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A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense-Thirring effect.

I Ciufolini, E Pavlis (2004)

An important early prediction of Einstein's general relativity was the advance of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit, whose measurement provided one of the classical tests of Einstein's theory. The advance of the orbital point-of-closest-approach also applies to a binary pulsar system and to an Earth-orbiting satellite. General relativity also predicts that the rotation of a body like Earth will drag the local inertial frames of reference around it, which will affect the orbit of a satellite. This Lense-Thirring effect has hitherto not been detected with high accuracy, but its detection with an error of about 1 per cent is the main goal of Gravity Probe B--an ongoing space mission using orbiting gyroscopes. Here we report a measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect on two Earth satellites: it is 99 +/- 5 per cent of the value predicted by general relativity; the uncertainty of this measurement includes all known random and systematic errors, but we allow for a total +/- 10 per cent uncertainty to include underestimated and unknown sources of error.