Impacto da adoção de medidas inespecíficas no tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo em idosos: a experiência do Distrito Federal, Brasil

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Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto de um protocolo de tratamento inespecífico e descentralizado para acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) em idosos na qualidade do atendimento no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Distrito Federal. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospectivo de controle histórico utilizou dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS) para comparar dois períodos: antes e depois da adoção de um protocolo que preconiza atenção por medidas inespecíficas (sem alteplase) e descentralização do atendimento. Foram analisadas 2 369 internações de idosos acima de 60 anos com AVCI em 2006 e 2007 e 5 207 em 2010 e 2011 com relação a frequência, tempo de hospitalização, mortalidade, letalidade por AVCI, utilização de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e valores de reembolso de autorizações de internação hospitalar (AIH). A efetividade foi avaliada pelos índices de mortalidade e letalidade e a eficiência pelo tempo de permanência, utilização de UTI e valores de AIH. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento de 119,8% no número de pacientes internados com a doença no segundo período (P = 0,0001), aumento de mortalidade absoluta de 27,3%, queda de 5,0% na taxa de letalidade por AVCI (P = 0,02) e aumento na utilização de UTI de 130,6% (P = 0,0001). Não foi observada variação significativa entre os períodos na média do número de dias de internação por paciente e nos valores de reembolso de AIH. CONCLUSÕES: Os indicadores utilizados evidenciaram melhora da efetividade do tratamento do AVCI agudo com o uso de um protocolo inespecífico e descentralizado de atendimento; entretanto, não houve impacto sobre a eficiência.

Translated abstract

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of a non-specific, decentralized treatment protocol for ischemic stroke in older individuals on the quality of the care provided in the public health care system (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde) in the Federal District. METHOD: This retrospective historical control study employed data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). Two time periods were compared: before and after the adoption of a protocol based on non-specific measures (medical therapy without alteplase) and decentralized care. A set of 2 369 admissions of patients older than 60 years with ischemic stroke was analyzed for the period of 2006/2007, and 5 207 admissions for 2010/2011. The variables were frequency, length of stay, mortality, lethality of ischemic stroke, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital reimbursement for ischemic stroke admissions. Effectiveness was evaluated based on mortality and lethality rates and efficiency was evaluated based on length of stay, use of ICU, and reimbursed amounts. RESULTS: In the second time period, there was an increase of 119.8% in the number of ischemic stroke admissions (P = 0.0001), increase of 27.3% in absolute mortality, decrease of 5.0% in lethality rate (P = 0.02), and increase of 130.6% in ICU utilization rate (P = 0.0001). There was no difference between the periods regarding mean number of inpatient days and reimbursed amounts. CONCLUSIONS: The indicators used in the present study showed improved effectiveness of acute ischemic stroke treatment with the use of a non-specific, decentralized protocol. However, no impact was observed on efficiency.

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Most cited references 45

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Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Joanna M. Wardlaw, Veronica Murray, Eivind Berge … (2012)

Summary Background Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) improved functional outcome in patients treated soon after acute ischaemic stroke in randomised trials, but licensing is restrictive and use varies widely. The IST-3 trial adds substantial new data. We therefore assessed all the evidence from randomised trials for rt-PA in acute ischaemic stroke in an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched for randomised trials of intravenous rt-PA versus control given within 6 h of onset of acute ischaemic stroke up to March 30, 2012. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI in the primary analysis for prespecified outcomes within 7 days and at the final follow-up of all patients treated up to 6 h after stroke. Findings In up to 12 trials (7012 patients), rt-PA given within 6 h of stroke significantly increased the odds of being alive and independent (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0–2) at final follow-up (1611/3483 [46·3%] vs 1434/3404 [42·1%], OR 1·17, 95% CI 1·06–1·29; p=0·001), absolute increase of 42 (19–66) per 1000 people treated, and favourable outcome (mRS 0–1) absolute increase of 55 (95% CI 33–77) per 1000. The benefit of rt-PA was greatest in patients treated within 3 h (mRS 0–2, 365/896 [40·7%] vs 280/883 [31·7%], 1·53, 1·26–1·86, p<0·0001), absolute benefit of 90 (46–135) per 1000 people treated, and mRS 0–1 (283/896 [31·6%] vs 202/883 [22·9%], 1·61, 1·30–1·90; p<0·0001), absolute benefit 87 (46–128) per 1000 treated. Numbers of deaths within 7 days were increased (250/2807 [8·9%] vs 174/2728 [6·4%], 1·44, 1·18–1·76; p=0·0003), but by final follow-up the excess was no longer significant (679/3548 [19·1%] vs 640/3464 [18·5%], 1·06, 0·94–1·20; p=0·33). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (272/3548 [7·7%] vs 63/3463 [1·8%], 3·72, 2·98–4·64; p<0·0001) accounted for most of the early excess deaths. Patients older than 80 years achieved similar benefit to those aged 80 years or younger, particularly when treated early. Interpretation The evidence indicates that intravenous rt-PA increased the proportion of patients who were alive with favourable outcome and alive and independent at final follow-up. The data strengthen previous evidence to treat patients as early as possible after acute ischaemic stroke, although some patients might benefit up to 6 h after stroke. Funding UK Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, University of Edinburgh, National Health Service Health Technology Assessment Programme, Swedish Heart-Lung Fund, AFA Insurances Stockholm (Arbetsmarknadens Partners Forsakringsbolag), Karolinska Institute, Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Research Council of Norway, Oslo University Hospital.

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Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study.

J. Marler, B C Tilley, M. Lu … (2000)

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA Stroke Study showed a similar percentage of intracranial hemorrhage and good outcome in patients 3 months after stroke treatment given 0 to 90 minutes and 91 to 180 minutes after stroke onset. At 24 hours after stroke onset more patients treated 0 to 90 compared to 91 to 180 minutes after stroke onset had improved by four or more points on the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The authors performed further analyses to characterize the relationship of onset-to-treatment time (OTT) to outcome at 3 months, early improvement at 24 hours, and intracranial hemorrhage within 36 hours. Univariate analyses identified potentially confounding variables associated with OTT that could mask an OTT-treatment interaction. Tests for OTT-treatment interactions adjusting for potential masking confounders were performed. An OTT-treatment interaction was considered significant if p < or = 0.10, implying that treatment effectiveness was related to OTT. For 24-hour improvement, there were no masking confounders identified and there was an OTT-treatment interaction (p = 0.08). For 3-month favorable outcome, the NIHSS met criteria for a masking confounder. After adjusting for NIHSS as a covariate, an OTT-treatment interaction was detected (p = 0.09): the adjusted OR (95% CI) for a favorable 3-month outcome associated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was 2.11 (1.33 to 3.35) in the 0 to 90 minute stratum and 1.69 (1.09 to 2.62) in the 91 to 180 minute stratum. In the group treated with rt-PA, after adjusting for baseline NIHSS, an effect of OTT on the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage was not detected. If the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial treatment protocol is followed, this analysis suggests that patients treated 0 to 90 minutes from stroke onset with rt-PA have an increased odds of improvement at 24 hours and favorable 3-month outcome compared to patients treated later than 90 minutes. No effect of OTT on intracranial hemorrhage was detected within the group treated with rt-PA, possibly due to low power.

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O Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e sua aplicação na saúde coletiva

Sonia Bittencourt, Luiz Camacho, Maria Leal (2006)

O trabalho teve como objetivo levantar a produção científica das aplicações dos dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS) em análises de questões relevantes de Saúde Coletiva. Para a busca de artigos publicados em revistas científicas no período de 1984 a 2003, foram consultadas bases de dados e sites de instituições que oferecem pós-graduação stricto sensu em saúde pública para a busca de dissertações e teses. Foram encontradas 76 publicações, que foram classificadas em cinco categorias com diferentes vertentes de análise. Embora o SIH/SUS tenha cobertura incompleta e incertezas quanto à confiabilidade de suas informações, a variedade de estudos aliada a resultados que mostraram consistência interna e coerência com os conhecimentos atuais, reforça a sua importância e a necessidade de entender os seus pontos fortes e fracos.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): rpsp

Title: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

Abbreviated Title: Rev Panam Salud Publica

Publisher: Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )

ISSN (Print): 1020-4989

ISSN (Electronic): 1680-5348

Publication date (Print and electronic): July 2015

Volume: 38

Issue: 1

Pages: 57-63

Affiliations

[01] Brasília DF orgnameSecretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal orgdiv1Hospital Regional da Asa Norte Brasil mcmoura0812@ 123456yahoo.com.br

[02] Brsília DF orgnameHospital Universitário de Brasília Brasil