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      Role of narrative medicine-based education in cultivating empathy in residents

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To explore the role of narrative medicine-based education in standardized empathy training for residents.

          Methods

          Among the 2018–2020 residents at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, 230 receiving neurology training were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into study and control groups. The study group received narrative medicine-based education and standardized routine resident training. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Medical Student version (JSE–MS) was used to evaluate empathy in the study group, and the neurological professional knowledge test scores of the two groups were also compared.

          Results

          In the study group, the empathy score was higher than the preteaching score ( P < 0.01). The neurological professional knowledge examination score was higher in the study group than in the control group, albeit not significantly.

          Conclusion

          The addition of narrative medicine-based education in standardized training improved empathy and may have improved the professional knowledge of neurology residents.

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          Most cited references20

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          Narrative Medicine

          Rita Charon (2001)
          Article 0 comments Cited 196 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of Physician Empathy: preliminary psychometric data.

            Gregory C Kane, Joanne Gotto, Salvatore Mangione … (2007)
            To develop a brief scale for measuring patient's perceptions of their physician's empathic engagement and to provide preliminary evidence in support of aspects of the scale's psychometrics. Study comprised 225 patients, out of 436 patients (52% response rate) seen by 166 residents in the internal medicine residency program at the Jefferson Hospital Ambulatory Clinic as part of their ambulatory training at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. A 5-item questionnaire entitled the Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of Physician Empathy was developed and administered to the study participants. Its factor structure, item-total score correlations, and correlations with several relevant criterion measures were examined. Factor analysis indicated that the scale was measuring a single factor of emphatic engagement. Item scores and total scores of the Jefferson Scale of Patient's Perceptions of Physician Empathy yielded significant correlations with the American Board of Internal Medicine patient ratings form and with selected items from other relevant instruments measuring physicians' humanistic behavior and the appraisal of physicians' performance. A brief scale for assessing physician empathy from the patients' perspective showed good psychometric characteristics and can be used for the assessment of patient outcomes.
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              Development of a metacognitive effort construct of empathy during clinical training: a longitudinal study of the factor structure of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy

              R. Brent Stansfield, Alan Schwartz, Celia Laird O’Brien … (2016)
              Empathy is crucial for effective clinical care but appears to decline during undergraduate medical training. Understanding the nature of this decline is necessary for addressing it. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is used to measure medical students' clinical empathy attitudes. One recent study described a 3-factor model of the JSE. This model was found in responses from matriculating medical students, but little is known about how the factor structure of the scale changes during clinical training. The Learning Environment Study is a longitudinal prospective study of two cohorts from 28 medical schools. At matriculation and at the end of each subsequent year, students self-reported clinical empathy attitudes using the JSE. Data from 4,797 students were randomly partitioned for exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses using responses from preclinical and clinical years of medical school. Five models were compared for confirmatory factor analysis: two null models for control, the recent 3-factor model, and the two models resulting from the EFAs of preclinical and clinical year responses. Preclinical year responses yielded a 3-factor model similar to the recent 3-factor model. Clinical year responses yielded a 4-factor model ("feelings," "importance," "ease," and "metacognitive effort") suggesting changes in the structure of clinical empathy attitudes over time. Metacognitive effort showed the largest decline over time. The model is a better fit for both preclinical and clinical responses and may provide more insight into medical students' clinical empathy attitudes than other models. The emergence of metacognitive effort in the clinical years suggests empathy may become more nuanced for students after clinical exposure and may account for much of the observed decline in clinical empathy attitudes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jianhua Zhao: zjh0913@163.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Med Educ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Med Educ
                Title: BMC Medical Education
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6920
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 February 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 February 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 23
                Electronic Location Identifier: 124
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.493088.e, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 7279, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, Department of Neurology, , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, ; 453100 Weihui, Xinxiang, Henan China
                [2 ]GRID grid.412990.7, ISNI 0000 0004 1808 322X, Management Institute of Xinxiang Medical University, ; 453003 Xinxiang, Henan China
                [3 ]GRID grid.493088.e, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 7279, Resident Standardized Training Center, , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, ; 453100 Weihui, Xinxiang, Henan China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4096
                DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04096-5
                PMC ID: 9945735
                PubMed ID: 36810009
                SO-VID: df5861e0-ffdd-4e8d-843a-c9d06aae6715
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 2 March 2022
                Date accepted : 9 February 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Henan Medical Education Research Project
                Award ID: Wjlx2019106
                Funded by: Joint Construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology Project
                Award ID: LHGJ20190437
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Education
                Keywords: narrative medicine,residents,humanities,empathy,standardized resident training,parallel medical records
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Education
                Keywords: narrative medicine, residents, humanities, empathy, standardized resident training, parallel medical records

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