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      Decision-making in HIV clinical trials: a study with patients enrolled in antiretroviral trials Translated title: Toma de decisiones en los ensayos clínicos sobre el VIH: estudio con pacientes incluidos en ensayos de antirretrovirales

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective To explore the decisional process of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) currently enrolled in antiretroviral clinical trials. Method Cross-sectional retrospective study. Outcome variables were reasons to participate, perceived decisional role (Control Preference Scale), the Decisional Conflict Scale and the Decisional Regret Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations among these variables and with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed with non-parametric techniques. Results Main reasons to participate were gratitude towards Fundación Huesped (47%), the doctor's recommendation (32%), and perceived difficulty to access treatment in a public hospital (28%). Most patients thought that they made their decision alone (54.8%) or collaboratively with the physician (43%). Decisional conflict was low, with only some conflict in the support subscale (median=16.67). Education was the only significant correlate of the total decisional conflict score (higher in less educated patients; p=0.018), whereas education, recent diagnosis, living alone, lower age, being man and doctor's recommendation to go to Fundación Huésped related to higher conflict in different subscales. Nobody regretted to participate. Conclusions The decision making regarding participation in HIV trials, from the perspective of participants, was made respecting their autonomy and with very low decisional conflict. Currently, patients show no signs of regret. However, even in this favorable context, results highlight the necessity of enhancing the decision support in more vulnerable patients (e.g., less educated, recently diagnosed or with less social support), thus warranting equity in the quality of the decision making process.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Explorar el proceso de decisión de las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y participan en ensayos clínicos de antirretrovirales. Método Estudio retrospectivo transversal. Las variables de resultado fueron los motivos para participar, el rol de participación percibido (Escala de preferencia de control), la Escala de conflicto decisional y la Escala de arrepentimiento decisional. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y se establecieron asociaciones entre estas variables con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas usando técnicas no paramétricas. Resultados Las razones para participar fueron la gratitud hacia la Fundación Huésped (47%), la recomendación del médico (32%) y la dificultad percibida para acceder al tratamiento en un hospital público (28%). Los pacientes opinan que tomaron su decisión solos (54,8%) o en colaboración con el médico (43%). El conflicto en la decisión fue bajo, aunque hubo cierto conflicto en la subescala de apoyo (mediana=16,67). La educación se relacionó con el conflicto en la decisión (mayor en pacientes con menor nivel educativo; p=0.018), mientras que la educación, el diagnóstico reciente, vivir solo, la menor edad y la recomendación del médico de ir a la Fundación Huésped se relacionaron con un mayor conflicto en diferentes subescalas. Nadie se arrepintió de su participación. Conclusiones Desde la perspectiva de los participantes, en el proceso de toma de decisiones se respetó su autonomía, hubo poco conflicto decisional y no aparecen signos de arrepentimiento. A pesar de este contexto favorable, los resultados destacan la necesidad de mejorar el apoyo a las decisiones en las personas más vulnerables (con menos educación, de diagnóstico reciente o con menos apoyo social) para garantizar la equidad en la calidad del proceso de decisión.

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          Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Magnitude of Structural, Clinical, and Physician and Patient Barriers to Cancer Clinical Trial Participation

          Abstract Background Barriers to cancer clinical trial participation have been the subject of frequent study, but the rate of trial participation has not changed substantially over time. Studies often emphasize patient-related barriers, but other types of barriers may have greater impact on trial participation. Our goal was to examine the magnitude of different domains of trial barriers by synthesizing prior research. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined the trial decision-making pathway using a uniform framework to characterize and quantify structural (trial availability), clinical (eligibility), and patient/physician barrier domains. The systematic review utilized the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Ovid Medline search engines. We used random effects to estimate rates of different domains across studies, adjusting for academic vs community care settings. Results We identified 13 studies (nine in academic and four in community settings) with 8883 patients. A trial was unavailable for patients at their institution 55.6% of the time (95% confidence interval [CI] = 43.7% to 67.3%). Further, 21.5% (95% CI = 10.9% to 34.6%) of patients were ineligible for an available trial, 14.8% (95% CI = 9.0% to 21.7%) did not enroll, and 8.1% (95% CI = 6.3% to 10.0%) enrolled. Rates of trial enrollment in academic (15.9% [95% CI = 13.8% to 18.2%]) vs community (7.0% [95% CI = 5.1% to 9.1%]) settings differed, but not rates of trial unavailability, ineligibility, or non-enrollment. Conclusions These findings emphasize the enormous need to address structural and clinical barriers to trial participation, which combined make trial participation unachievable for more than three of four cancer patients.
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            Validation of a Decision Regret Scale

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              A systematic review of the factors influencing African Americans' participation in cancer clinical trials.

              This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the existing evidence regarding key considerations influencing African Americans' participation in cancer clinical trials (CCTs).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                June 2021
                : 35
                : 3
                : 264-269
                Affiliations
                [4] Madrid orgnameRed de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas Spain
                [1] Bellaterra, Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Spain
                [7] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [3] Santa Cruz de Tenerife Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgnameFundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias Spain
                [6] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Departament de Matemàtiques Spain
                [5] Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona orgnameBarcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath) Spain
                [2] orgnameGrup de REcerca Multidisciplinar en SAlut i Societat (GREMSAS) (2017 SGR 917) Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112021000300011 S0213-9111(21)03500300011
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.11.008
                e0fd3ac8-e7b9-40d0-9938-413811b668b1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2019
                : 27 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Brief Articles

                Participación del paciente,Clinical trial,Human immunodeficiency virus,Patient participation,Decisional conflicto,Ensayo clínico,Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana,Conflicto decisional

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