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      Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infections among household and other close contacts of confirmed cases, the Netherlands, February to May 2021

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , RIVM COVID-19 surveillance and epidemiology team 1, 3 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 Members of the RIVM COVID-19 surveillance and epidemiology team Members of the RIVM COVID-19 surveillance and epidemiology team , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Eurosurveillance
      Publisher: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
      Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, transmission, household study, COVID-19, vaccine effectiveness

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          Abstract

          Several studies report high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease, however an important knowledge gap is the vaccine effectiveness against transmission (VET). We present estimates of the VET to household and other close contacts in the Netherlands, from February to May 2021, using contact monitoring data. The secondary attack rate among household contacts was lower for fully vaccinated than unvaccinated index cases (11% vs 31%), with an adjusted VET of 71% (95% confidence interval: 63–77).

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          Direct and Indirect Effects in Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness

          M.Elizabeth Halloran, Michael Haber, Ira Longini … (1991)
          Article 0 comments Cited 47 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation, Navarre, Spain, January to April 2021

            Iván Martínez-Baz, Ana Miqueleiz, Itziar Casado … (2021)
            COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness was evaluated in close contacts of cases diagnosed during January–April 2021. Among 20,961 contacts, 7,240 SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed, with 5,467 being symptomatic and 559 leading to hospitalisations. Non-brand-specific one and two dose vaccine effectiveness were respectively, 35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25 to 44) and 66% (95% CI: 57 to 74) against infections, 42% (95% CI: 31 to 52) and 82% (95% CI: 74 to 88) against symptomatic infection, and 72% (95% CI: 47 to 85) and 95% (95% CI: 62 to 99) against COVID-19 hospitalisation. The second dose significantly increased effectiveness. Findings support continuing complete vaccination.
            Article 0 comments Cited 40 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Direct and indirect effects in vaccine efficacy and effectiveness.

              E Halloran, Claudio Struchiner, M Haber … (1991)
              In 1915, Greenwood and Yule noted that for valid vaccine efficacy studies, exposure to infection in the vaccinated and the unvaccinated must be equal (Proc R Soc Med 1915;8(part 2):113-94). The direct effect of a vaccine, however, needs to be defined by the protection it confers given a specific amount of exposure to infection, not just a comparable exposure. In this paper, two classes of parameters are distinguished along lines differing from the conventional distinction between efficacy and effectiveness. Efficacy parameters attempt to control for exposure to infection and represent direct effects on individuals. Direct effectiveness parameters represent a mixture of direct effects on individuals and indirect effects in the population.
              Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Euro Surveill
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Euro Surveill
                Journal ID (publisher-id): eurosurveillance
                Title: Eurosurveillance
                Publisher: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
                ISSN (Print): 1025-496X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1560-7917
                Publication date (Print): 05 August 2021
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 31
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2100640
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
                [2 ]GGD Brabant Zuidoost, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
                [3 ]The members of the group are listed under Investigators
                Author notes

                Correspondence: Brechje de Gier ( brechje.de.gier@ 123456rivm.nl )

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-090X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2100640 Publisher ID: 2100640
                DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.31.2100640
                PMC ID: 8343550
                PubMed ID: 34355689
                SO-VID: e11517c7-a51d-486e-90bd-fa8b968aca8b
                Copyright © This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2021.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                Date received : 29 June 2021
                Date accepted : 02 August 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Rapid Communication
                Custom metadata
                sequence 2

                Keywords: sars-cov-2,transmission,household study,covid-19,vaccine effectiveness
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sars-cov-2, transmission, household study, covid-19, vaccine effectiveness

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