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      Magnetic amine-functionalized polyacrylic acid-nanomagnetite for hexavalent chromium removal from polluted water

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          Abstract

          A magnetic amine-functionalized polyacrylic acid-nanomagnetite adsorbent is developed for the removal of toxic hexavalent chromium from polluted water.

          Abstract

          A novel magnetic amine-functionalized polyacrylic acid-nanomagnetite (Fe 3O 4-PAA-NH 2) adsorbent prepared using a facile surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) method has delivered a great Cr( vi) removal performance compared to as-received Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. The maximum amine group (–NH 2) concentration grafted onto Fe 3O 4-PAA is determined to be 3.925 mg g −1 based on acid–base titrimetric analysis. The optimal pH value for Cr( vi) adsorption is around 2.0 with a Fe 3O 4-PAA-NH 2 dose of 30 mg and contact time of 10 min at room temperature. A multilayer adsorption for the Freundlich isotherm model is well-fitted and fits better than the monolayer adsorption of the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetics of Cr( vi) removal by the Fe 3O 4-PAA-NH 2 nanoadsorbent is found to follow pseudo-second-order behavior with a calculated room temperature rate constant of 1.23 g mg −1 min −1 for a solution with an initial Cr( vi) concentration of 7.0 mg L −1 and pH value of 2.5. The competition adsorption tests show that the presence of other metals in polluted water, including Cu( ii), Zn( ii), Cd( ii), K( i), Ca( ii), Na( i), and Mg( ii), favors the Cr( vi) adsorption by the fabricated Fe 3O 4-PAA-NH 2 nanoadsorbent due to the affinity of the chemical potential and electronegativity of each metallic element. Moreover, the prepared Fe 3O 4-PAA-NH 2 nanoadsorbent exhibits a good reusability and retains around 85% of its Cr( vi) adsorption capacity even after 5 cycles.

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          Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions - a review.

          Garima Mahajan, M. Kaur, D Sud (2008)
          Heavy metal remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to recalcitrant and persistency of heavy metals in environment. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of these toxic heavy metals are not economical and further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal and/or recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods include: low cost, high efficiency, minimization of chemical or biological sludge, regeneration of biosorbents and possibility of metal recovery. Cellulosic agricultural waste materials are an abundant source for significant metal biosorption. The functional groups present in agricultural waste biomass viz. acetamido, alcoholic, carbonyl, phenolic, amido, amino, sulphydryl groups etc. have affinity for heavy metal ions to form metal complexes or chelates. The mechanism of biosorption process includes chemisorption, complexation, adsorption on surface, diffusion through pores and ion exchange etc. The purpose of this review article is to provide the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agricultural waste materials for heavy metal removal. Agricultural waste material being highly efficient, low cost and renewable source of biomass can be exploited for heavy metal remediation. Further these biosorbents can be modified for better efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale.
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            Few-layered graphene oxide nanosheets as superior sorbents for heavy metal ion pollution management.

            Guixia Zhao, Jiaxing Li, Xuemei Ren … (2011)
            Graphene has attracted multidisciplinary study because of its unique physicochemical properties. Herein, few-layered graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized from graphite using the modified Hummers method, and were used as sorbents for the removal of Cd(II) and Co(II) ions from large volumes of aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and humic acid on Cd(II) and Co(II) sorption were investigated. The results indicated that Cd(II) and Co(II) sorption on graphene oxide nanosheets was strongly dependent on pH and weakly dependent on ionic strength. The abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surfaces of graphene oxide nanosheets played an important role on Cd(II) and Co(II) sorption. The presence of humic acid reduced Cd(II) and Co(II) sorption on graphene oxide nanosheets at pH < 8. The maximum sorption capacities (C(smax)) of Cd(II) and Co(II) on graphene oxide nanosheets at pH 6.0 ± 0.1 and T = 303 K were about 106.3 and 68.2 mg/g, respectively, higher than any currently reported. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from temperature-dependent sorption isotherms suggested that Cd(II) and Co(II) sorptions on graphene oxide nanosheets were endothermic and spontaneous processes. The graphene oxide nanosheets may be suitable materials in heavy metal ion pollution cleanup if they are synthesized in large scale and at low price in near future.
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              Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water.

              Dinesh Mohan, Charles U. Pittman Jr. (2006)
              Hexavalent chromium is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. Industrial sources of Cr(VI) include leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc. The most common method applied for chromate control is reduction of Cr(VI) to its trivalent form in acid (pH approximately 2.0) and subsequent hydroxide precipitation of Cr(III) by increasing the pH to approximately 9.0-10.0 using lime. Existing overviews of chromium removal only cover selected technologies that have traditionally been used in chromium removal. Far less attention has been paid to adsorption. Herein, we provide the first review article that provides readers an overview of the sorption capacities of commercial developed carbons and other low cost sorbents for chromium remediation. After an overview of chromium contamination is provided, more than 300 papers on chromium remediation using adsorption are discussed to provide recent information about the most widely used adsorbents applied for chromium remediation. Efforts to establish the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on various adsorbents are reviewed. Chromium's impact environmental quality, sources of chromium pollution and toxicological/health effects is also briefly introduced. Interpretations of the surface interactions are offered. Particular attention is paid to comparing the sorption efficiency and capacities of commercially available activated carbons to other low cost alternatives, including an extensive table.
              Article 0 comments Cited 180 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): RSCACL
                Title: RSC Advances
                Abbreviated Title: RSC Adv.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Electronic): 2046-2069
                Publication date Created: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 2015
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 74
                Pages: 60208-60219
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability
                [2 ]Department of Chemistry
                [3 ]Tongji University
                [4 ]Shanghai 200092
                [5 ]People’s Republic of China
                [6 ]Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL)
                [7 ]Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
                [8 ]University of Tennessee
                [9 ]Knoxville
                [10 ]USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C5RA09761D
                SO-VID: e11b0da1-2973-44f3-8c5a-7b28ac6cfe0d
                Copyright © © 2015
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