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      Patologías congénitas y defectos del desarrollo en poblaciones arqueológicas en la costa desértica de Antofagasta: reflexiones sobre su origen a partir de casos de estudio Translated title: Congenital pathologies and developmental defects in archaeological populations on the desert coast of Antofagasta: case-study insights into their origin

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          Abstract

          Resumen En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis y discusión sobre la presencia de patologías congénitas y defectos del desarrollo en individuos de diferentes periodos arqueológicos de la costa de la región de Antofagasta, en el norte de Chile, las que se concentran en el esqueleto axial. A pesar de que la muestra analizada presenta un número bajo (n = 6), se realiza una comparación con casos reportados para la zona costera de Arica y Tarapacá, obteniéndose que la diferencia entre ambas zonas no es estadísticamente significativa. Considerando antecedentes ambientales y etnohistóricos de la zona, se propone que una combinación a la exposición de diferentes contaminantes naturales, junto a un sistema de parentesco endogámico, serían las causas más probables de la aparición de estas patologías.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This article presents a synthesis and discussion regarding congenital pathologies and developmental defects identified in the axial skeletons of individuals from different archaeological periods on the Antofagasta coast. Despite the small number of cases in the analyzed sample (n = 6), the research compares that figure with the cases reported for the coastal area of Arica and Tarapacá, revealing no statistically significant differences between the areas. Given the environmental and ethnohistorical background of the area, we propose that exposure to several natural contaminants and an endogamic kinship system are the most likely causes of these pathologies.

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          Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates

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            SHCal20 SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE CALIBRATION, 0–55,000 YEARS CAL BP

            Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We detail the statistical approaches used for curve construction and present recommendations for the use of the Northern Hemisphere curve (IntCal20), the Southern Hemisphere curve (SHCal20) and suggest where application of an equal mixture of the curves might be more appropriate. Using our Bayesian spline with errors-in-variables methodology, and based upon a comparison of Southern Hemisphere tree-ring data compared with contemporaneous Northern Hemisphere data, we estimate the mean Southern Hemisphere offset to be 36 ± 27 14 C yrs older.
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              Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers

              Present-day hunter-gatherers (HGs) live in multilevel social groups essential to sustain a population structure characterized by limited levels of within-band relatedness and inbreeding. When these wider social networks evolved among HGs is unknown. Here, we investigate whether the contemporary HG strategy was already present in the Upper Paleolithic (UP), using complete genome sequences from Sunghir, a site dated to ~34 thousand years BP (kya) containing multiple anatomically modern human (AMH) individuals. We demonstrate that individuals at Sunghir derive from a population of small effective size, with limited kinship and levels of inbreeding similar to HG populations. Our findings suggest that UP social organization was similar to that of living HGs, with limited relatedness within residential groups embedded in a larger mating network.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                2023
                : 69
                : 2
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameJaime Illanes & Asociados CHILE monaraneda96@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Carrera de Antropología Chile jourrea@ 123456udec.cl
                [8] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Antropología Chile vcastro53@ 123456uchile.cl
                [1] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Carrera de Antropología Chile pandradem@ 123456udec.cl
                [2] Arica Tarapacá orgnameUniversidad de Tarapacá orgdiv1Programa de magister en antropología Chile consuhuerta@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Antropología Chile dsalazar@ 123456uchile.cl
                [7] Los Lagos orgnameUniversidad de Los Lagos orgdiv1CEDER Chile mem1074@ 123456gmail.com
                [6] Talca Maule orgnameUniversidad Católica del Maule orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile drvictormartinezh@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0718-10432023000100401 S0718-1043(23)06900000401
                10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2023-0002
                e12fdd2d-eca7-47c2-81c7-b9c2152a93e3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 April 2022
                : 28 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 195, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Bioantropología

                prehistoria,defectos congénitos,prehistory,coastal northern Chile,congenital defects,environmental and cultural factors,costa del norte de Chile,factores ambientales y culturales

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