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      Morphoquantitative study of the submucous plexus (of Meissner) of the jejunum-ileum of young and old guinea pigs Translated title: Estudo morfoquantitativo do plexo submucoso (de Meissner) do jejuno-íleo de cobaias jovens e velhas

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To study the aging of submucous plexus of the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) of the guinea pigs from the quantitative, structural and ultrastructural perspective. METHOD: Chemical preparations of membrane of the jejunum-ileum of old and young animals with the use of light and electronic microscope. RESULTS: The ganglia of young animals presented between 1 and 56 neurons and the old animals presented from 1 to 30 neurons. The mean density of the ganglia by cm² in the young jejunum-ileum was of 551±36.89 and in the old one 413±11.86. The density of the neurons was 5011±291.11 neurons/cm² average in young animals and 2918±120.70 neurons/cm² in the old ones. The size of the neurons varied in both age groups. The collagen fibers in the ganglia of old animals they were condensed. Degenerated mitochondrias in the interior of the cell were frequent in the old animals. CONCLUSION: In submucous plexus of the jejunum-ileum there is a loss of 38% of the neurons with aging.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estudar o envelhecimento do plexo submucoso do intestino delgado (jejuno-íleo) das cobaias do ponto de vista quantitativo, estrutural e ultra-estrutural. MÉTODO: Preparados de membrana do jejuno-íleo de animais jovens e velhos com a utilização de microscopia de luz e eletrônica. RESULTADOS: Os gânglios de animais jovens apresentaram entre 1 e 56 neurônios e os animais velhos apresentaram de 1 a 30 neurônios. A densidade média dos gânglios por cm² no jejuno-íleo jovem foi de 551±36,89 e no velho foi de 413±11,86. A densidade dos neurônios foi de 5011±291,11 neurônios/cm² em média nos animais jovens e 2918±120,70 neurônios/cm² nos velhos. O tamanho dos neurônios variou em ambos os grupos etários. As fibras colágenas nos gânglios de animais velhos estavam mais condensadas. Mitocôndrias degeneradas no interior da célula foram freqüentes nos animais velhos. CONCLUSÃO: No plexo submucoso do jejuno-íleo há uma perda de 38% dos neurônios com o envelhecimento.

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          Most cited references27

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          Neuron size and number in the myenteric plexus of the newborn and adult rat.

          G Gabella (1971)
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            Fall in the number of myenteric neurons in aging guinea pigs.

            G Gabella (1989)
            The neurons of the myenteric plexus of the entire small intestine were stained in young adult (3-4 mo old) and aging guinea pigs (26-30 mo old). Total length and circumference of the intestine were measured in the same experiments. The small intestine of the aging guinea pigs was longer, and (in the conditions of distention used) had a total serosal surface approximately 70% greater than in young adult animals. The spatial density of myenteric neurons per unit of serosal surface fell dramatically in aging animals, and the total number of myenteric neurons in the small intestine ranged between 1.1 and 1.6 million, i.e., it was only 40%-60% of the value obtained in young adult guinea pigs (2.75 million). The light microscope appearance of the neurons of the two groups of animals was markedly different and the suggestion is put forward that in aging guinea pigs the substantial reduction in neuron number is accompanied by structural changes and reorganization of the neurons that are left.
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              The number of neurons in the small intestine of mice, guinea-pigs and sheep.

              G Gabella (1987)
              A histochemical technique was used to stain the myenteric neurons in the intact wall of the small intestine of mice, guinea-pigs and sheep. The length and diameter of the small intestine and the total serosal surface area were also obtained. Myenteric neurons were counted on large whole-mount preparations of the muscularis externa. Counts were carried out also on the submucosal plexus, on a more limited scale. In the mouse a spatial density of 10,600 myenteric neurons per cm2 was found. The small intestine was 33 cm long and measured on average 11.5 mm in circumference, the total outer surface (serosal surface) amounting to about 38.0 cm2. The total number of myenteric neurons in the small intestine was calculated as about 403,000. In the guinea-pig the length of the small intestine was 145 cm, the average circumference 22 mm and the total outer surface area about 319 cm2. The neuronal packing density was 8600/cm2, and the total number of myenteric neurons about 2,750,000. In the sheep the small intestine was about 2100 cm long with an average circumference of 60 mm and a total surface area of about 12,600 cm2. The ganglion neuron density was about 2500/cm2, and the total number of myenteric neurons in the small intestine was calculated as about 31,500,000. Thus, in the sheep the small intestine contained about 11 times as many myenteric neurons as the guinea-pig and about 80 times as many as the mouse. The differences are in the same direction as, but not proportional to, the differences in body weight and in the length of the intestine. The neuronal spatial density was highest in the mouse and lowest in the sheep, and in the sheep the neurons were markedly larger, and gathered in ganglia that were larger and further apart from one another, than in the mouse, while they had intermediate values in the guinea-pig. A new way of expressing neuronal packing densities is presented together with the proposal of an arbitrary but reproducible unit of intestinal length (a segment whose length is equal to its diameter). In the submucosal plexus the neuronal density was about 3000/cm2 in the guinea-pig, about 8700/cm2 in the mouse and about 4500/cm2 in the sheep. In the mouse the submucosal neuron density decreased gradually along the length of the small intestine.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                anp
                Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
                Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.
                Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO (São Paulo )
                1678-4227
                February 2011
                : 69
                : 1
                : 85-90
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade São Judas Tadeu Brazil
                Article
                S0004-282X2011000100017
                10.1590/S0004-282X2011000100017
                e138451f-be0c-4654-902e-47e0d4dc174d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-282X&lng=en
                Categories
                NEUROSCIENCES
                PSYCHIATRY

                Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                aging,morphometrics,submucous plexus,jejunum-ileum,guinea pig,envelhecimento,morfometria,plexo submucoso,jejuno-íleo,cobaia

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