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      Active lifestyle enhances protein expression profile in subjects with Lewy body pathology Translated title: O ESTILO DE VIDA ATIVO MELHORA O PERFIL DE EXPRESSÃO DE PROTEÍNAS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM A PATOLOGIA DE CORPOS DE LEWY

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          ABSTRACT.

          Clinical trials of the effects of physical activity have reported improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, morphological brain changes after exercising were reported in PD animal models. However, these lifestyle-related changes were not evaluated in postmortem brain tissue.

          Objective:

          We aimed to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, astrocytes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and structural proteins expression (neurofilaments and microtubules — MAP2) changes in postmortem brain samples of individuals with Lewy body pathology.

          Methods:

          Braak PD stage≥III samples, classified by neuropathology analysis, from The Biobank for Aging Studies were classified into active (n=12) and non-active (n=12) groups, according to physical activity lifestyle, and paired by age, sex and Braak staging. Substantia nigra and basal ganglia were evaluated.

          Results:

          Groups were not different in terms of age or gender and had similar PD neuropathological burden (p=1.00). We observed higher TH expression in the active group in the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia (p=0.04). Astrocytes was greater in the non-active subjects in the midbrain (p=0.03) and basal ganglia (p=0.0004). MAP2 levels were higher for non-active participants in the basal ganglia (p=0.003) and similar between groups in the substantia nigra (p=0.46). Neurofilament levels for non-active participants were higher in the substantia nigra (p=0.006) but not in the basal ganglia (p=0.24).

          Conclusion:

          Active lifestyle seems to promote positive effects on brain by maintaining dopamine synthesis and structural protein expression in the nigrostriatal system and decrease astrogliosis in subjects with the same PD neuropathology burden.

          RESUMO.

          Estudos dos efeitos da atividade física relataram melhora nos sintomas e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP). Além disso, alterações morfológicas do cérebro após o exercício físico foram relatadas em modelos animais da DP. No entanto, essas mudanças relacionadas ao estilo de vida não foram avaliadas em tecido cerebral post-mortem.

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar a expressão de astrócitos, tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e a expressão de proteínas estruturais (neurofilamentos e microtúbulos — MAP2) por imuno-histoquímica, em amostras cerebrais post-mortem de indivíduos com corpos de Lewy.

          Métodos:

          Amostras com estágio de Braak para DP≥III, classificação neuropatológica, fornecidas pelo biobanco de estudos do envelhecimento foram classificadas em grupos ativos (n=12) e não ativos (n=12), de acordo com o estilo de vida (atividade física), e pareados por idade, sexo e estadiamento de Braak. Analisou-se a substância negra e gânglios da base.

          Resultados:

          Idade, sexo e classificação para DP foram semelhantes (p=1,00). Observou-se maior expressão de TH no grupo ativo (p=0,04). Amostras de não ativos revelaram maior expressão de astrócitos no mesencéfalo (p=0,03) e nos gânglios da base (p=0,0004); MAP2 nos gânglios da base (p=0,003); os níveis de neurofilamentos foram maiores na substância negra (p=0,006).

          Conclusão:

          O estilo de vida ativo parece promover efeitos positivos no cérebro, mantendo a síntese de dopamina e a expressão estrutural de proteínas no sistema nigrostriatal e com diminuição da ativação de astrócitos em indivíduos com a mesma classificação neuropatológica para a DP.

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          Most cited references43

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          Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes

          Eighty-three brains obtained at autopsy from nondemented and demented individuals were examined for extracellular amyloid deposits and intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes. The distribution pattern and packing density of amyloid deposits turned out to be of limited significance for differentiation of neuropathological stages. Neurofibrillary changes occurred in the form of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads. The distribution of neuritic plaques varied widely not only within architectonic units but also from one individual to another. Neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, in contrast, exhibited a characteristic distribution pattern permitting the differentiation of six stages. The first two stages were characterized by an either mild or severe alteration of the transentorhinal layer Pre-alpha (transentorhinal stages I-II). The two forms of limbic stages (stages III-IV) were marked by a conspicuous affection of layer Pre-alpha in both transentorhinal region and proper entorhinal cortex. In addition, there was mild involvement of the first Ammon's horn sector. The hallmark of the two isocortical stages (stages V-VI) was the destruction of virtually all isocortical association areas. The investigation showed that recognition of the six stages required qualitative evaluation of only a few key preparations.
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            Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease

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              The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease.

              The Neuropathology Task Force of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) has developed a practical and standardized neuropathology protocol for the postmortem assessment of dementia and control subjects. The protocol provides neuropathologic definitions of such terms as "definite Alzheimer's disease" (AD), "probable AD," "possible AD," and "normal brain" to indicate levels of diagnostic certainty, reduce subjective interpretation, and assure common language. To pretest the protocol, neuropathologists from 15 participating centers entered information on autopsy brains from 142 demented patients clinically diagnosed as probable AD and on eight nondemented patients. Eighty-four percent of the dementia cases fulfilled CERAD neuropathologic criteria for definite AD. As increasingly large numbers of prospectively studied dementia and control subjects are autopsied, the CERAD neuropathology protocol will help to refine diagnostic criteria, assess overlapping pathology, and lead to a better understanding of early subclinical changes of AD and normal aging.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dement Neuropsychol
                dn
                Dementia & Neuropsychologia
                Associação de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento
                1980-5764
                1980-5764
                Jan-Mar 2021
                Jan-Mar 2021
                : 15
                : 1
                : 41-50
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoy of Nuclear Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [3 ]Division of Geriatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [4 ]Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco – San Francisco, California, United States of America.
                [5 ]Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [6 ]Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [7 ]Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Caroline Cristiano Real. Rua Doutor Ovídio Pires de Campos, 872 – Cerqueira César – 05403-911 São Paulo SP – Brazil. E-mail. caroline.c.real@ 123456gmail.com

                Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

                Authors’ contribution. CCR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Visualization, and Writing – original draft; CKS: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Visualization, and Writing – review; KHB: Formal analysis, Investigation, and Writing – review; LTG: Resources, and Writing – review; CAP: Resources, and Writing – review; WJF: Resources, and Writing – review; RELFR: Resources, and Writing – review; RN: Resources, and Writing – review; REPL: Conceptualization, Resources, and Writing – review; Luiz R Britto: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Resources, and Writing – review.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-3341
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-0530
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-7729
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-0618
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-2473
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2290-4492
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-5787
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-1525
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-398X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-0645
                Article
                1980-57642021dn15-010004
                10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010004
                8049574
                33907596
                e21981e1-376e-4100-8a9e-bdbb36816aa6

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 10 August 2020
                : 03 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Original Article

                life style,aging,lewy bodies,postmortem examination,parkinson disease,dopamine,astrocytes,estilo de vida,envelhecimento,corpos de lewy,autópsia,doença de parkinson,dopamina,astrócitos

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