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      Factores de riesgo de obesidad en escolares de primer año básico de Punta Arenas Translated title: Risk factors for obesity in school children of Punta Arenas

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad en escolares de Punta Arenas y los principales factores de riesgo asociados. Material y Método: Muestra aleatoria, estratificada, proporcional de 361 escolares. Se determinó peso, talla y se clasificó el estado nutricional de acuerdo a IMC según normas del MINSAL (CDC/NCHS). Se aplicó una encuesta al escolar y su familia sobre variables biosociales, actividad física y consumo alimentario. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad fue 23,8% y 22% de sobrepeso. Los escolares ven en promedio 3,0 ± 1,7 horas de TV/día y sólo practican actividad física extra programática 0,7 ± 1,4 horas/semana. La alimentación es poco saludable. Los análisis multivariados demostraron mayor riesgo de obesidad con un IMC materno ³ 25 (OR 2,8 IC 1,6-5,0), edad materna < 25 o ³ 40 años (OR 2,0 IC 1,2-3,3), > 4 horas/día frente a TV (OR 1,7 IC 1,0-2,9) y tener 1 hermano o ser hijo único (OR 1,8 IC 1,1-3,1). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de obesidad en escolares de Punta Arenas y es posible identificar a los grupos de mayor riesgo para focalizar las intervenciones

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity in first grade students of Punta Arenas and the associated risk factors. Patients and Methods: A random stratified sample of 361 students, in which weight and height was measured and the nutritional condition was obtained by IMC according to MINSAL guidelines (CDC/NCHS). A survey was applied to the student and its family related to social variables, physical activity and food consumption. Results: The obesity and overweight prevalence were 23,8% and 22%, respectively. Students watch television 3,0 ± 1,7 hours daily and practice physical activity 0,7 ± 1,4 hours weekly. Food consumption is unhealthy. Multivariable analysis demonstrated high risk of obesity with a mother's IMC ³ 25 (OR 2,8 IC 1,6-5,0), mother's age < 25 or ³ 40 years (OR 2,0 IC 1,2-3,3), > 4 hours TV/day (OR 1,7 IC 1,0-2,9) and having one more brother or being single son (OR 1,8 IC 1,1-3,1). Conclusions: There is high prevalence of obesity in students of Punta Arenas and the proposed model allows to identify the groups of major risk

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          Most cited references38

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          Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: cohort study.

          To identify risk factors in early life (up to 3 years of age) for obesity in children in the United Kingdom. Prospective cohort study. Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, United Kingdom. 8234 children in cohort aged 7 years and a subsample of 909 children (children in focus) with data on additional early growth related risk factors for obesity. Obesity at age 7 years, defined as a body mass index (3) 95th centile relative to reference data for the UK population in 1990. Eight of 25 putative risk factors were associated with a risk of obesity in the final models: parental obesity (both parents: adjusted odds ratio, 10.44, 95% confidence interval 5.11 to 21.32), very early (by 43 months) body mass index or adiposity rebound (15.00, 5.32 to 42.30), more than eight hours spent watching television per week at age 3 years (1.55, 1.13 to 2.12), catch-up growth (2.60, 1.09 to 6.16), standard deviation score for weight at age 8 months (3.13, 1.43 to 6.85) and 18 months (2.65, 1.25 to 5.59); weight gain in first year (1.06, 1.02 to 1.10 per 100 g increase); birth weight, per 100 g (1.05, 1.03 to 1.07); and short (< 10.5 hours) sleep duration at age 3 years (1.45, 1.10 to 1.89). Eight factors in early life are associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood.
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            Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Chilean children: comparison of three definitions.

            To compare trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chilean children using three different criteria. Descriptive cross-sectional school-based study to analyse these trends in 6-y-old boys and girls who entered first grade in 1987, 1990, 1993, 1996 and 2000. Gender-specific prevalence of overweight and obesity were determined with three criteria: weight for height (W-H) Z-scores compared to NCHS 1977; present reference used by the Ministry of Health; and body mass index (BMI) compared to the revised US CDC Growth Charts with cut-off values of P85-95 and P-95 and IOTF reference with cut-offs extrapolated from an adult BMI of 25 and 30. The prevalence of overweight determined by W-H (WHO) increased from 15% in 1987 to 20% in 2000 for boys and from 17.2 to 21.8% for girls. With BMI-CDC, the increase was from 13.2 to 19.2% for boys and 12 to 18.5% for girls. With BMI-IOTF, rates were very similar. Prevalence of obesity using W-H (WHO) increased from 6.5% in 1987 to 17% in 2000 for boys and from 7.8 to 18.6% for girls. Using BMI-CDC, the increase was from 5.1 to 14.7% for boys and from 4 to 15.8% for girls; using BMI-IOTF prevalence estimates were much lower. Obesity prevalence in children has increased over time, and trends are similar independent of criteria. The reference used to define prevalence is important since it provides different estimates. Policy makers should be aware that a spurious drop in prevalence may appear if the IOTF reference is compared to the other criteria.
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              School-based obesity prevention in Chilean primary school children: methodology and evaluation of a controlled study.

              To assess the impact of a 6 months nutrition education and physical activity intervention on primary school children through changes in adiposity and physical fitness. Longitudinal school-based controlled evaluation study. Children from 1st to 8th grade, 2141 in intervention and 945 in control schools. Nutrition education for children and parents, 'healthier' kiosks, 90 min of additional physical activity (PA) weekly, behavioral PA program and active recess. Adiposity indices (BMI, BMI Z-score, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), waist circumference and physical fitness (20 m shuttle run test and lower back flexibility). Positive effect on adiposity indices (except TSF) was observed in boys (P<0.001 for BMI Z), while both physical fitness parameters increased significantly in both boys (P<0.001 for each test) and girls (P<0.0001 for each test). A differential effect in BMI Z was observed according to baseline nutritional status. This intervention showed a robust effect on physical fitness in both genders and decreased adiposity only in boys.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                February 2006
                : 77
                : 1
                : 20-26
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Nutrición Chile
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Magallanes orgdiv1Departamento. Ciencias de la Salud Chila susana.loaiza@ 123456umag.cl
                Article
                S0370-41062006000100003 S0370-4106(06)07700100003
                10.4067/S0370-41062006000100003
                e240befe-6863-4131-adf3-20f4e89a7391

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 October 2005
                : 30 March 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                TRABAJOS ORIGINALES

                obesidad,physical activity,student, risk,obesity,actividad física,riesgo,escolar

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