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      Metals Phytoextraction by Cordia africana from Soils Contaminated with Oil Drilling Waste

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          Abstract

          Abstract Oil exploration and production generate large quantities of waste, which may contain contaminants such as barium and lead. Therefore, more studies aimed at decreasing the levels of heavy metals in contaminated sites, using methods such as phytoremediation, are needed. In a preliminary assay, samples of soil contaminated with oil drilling waste were incubated with different concentrations (2 or 6 mmol L-1) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Subsequently, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the tree Cordia africana. EDTA induced mobilization and translocation of lead, manganese, and iron into the C. africana leaves but had no effect on barium. The quantity of heavy metal contaminants accumulated in the plant vegetative parts showed that C. africana cannot be used as a phytoextractor for the tested metals; however, it can be used as a phytostabilizer.

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          Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials.

          F. Sánchez, R Rubio, Anthony C. Davidson … (1999)
          The Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission proposed a three-step sequential extraction procedure for sediment analysis, following extensive expert consultations and two interlaboratory studies. This scheme was recently used to certify the extractable trace element contents of a sediment reference material (CRM 601). Although this procedure offers a means to ensure the comparability of data in this field, some difficulties concerning the interlaboratory reproducibility still remain, and a new project is currently being conducted to determine the causes of poor reproducibility in the extraction scheme. The final objective of the project is the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials for their extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. This paper presents the results of a small-scale interlaboratory study, which aimed to test a revised version of the extraction schemes by comparing the original and the modified protocols using the CRM 601 sample. This work offers an improvement to the BCR sequential extraction procedure through intercomparison exercises. This improved procedure will allow the obtaining of CRMs to validate analytical data in the analysis of soils and sediments, and it will also facilitate comparability of data in the European Union.
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            Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil. Effect, mechanism, toxicity, and fate of chelating agents.

            Michael W. H. Evangelou, Jennifer A. Schaeffer, Mathias Ebel (2007)
            The low-cost, plant-based phytoextraction technique has often been described as a promising technique to remediate heavy metal contaminated agricultural land. The application of chelating agents has shown positive effects in increasing the solubility of heavy metals in soil and therefore in enhancing phytoextraction. This paper gives an overview of the chelating agents applied in recent studies. Various synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids, such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and natural ones such as, ethylene diamine disuccinate and nitrilotriacetic acid, are described. Additionally, results of the application of natural low molecular weight organic acids, such as citric and tartaric acid are given. The effectiveness of these different chelating agents varies according to the plant and the heavy metals used. Furthermore, a focus is laid on the chelating agents fate after application and on its toxicity to plants and soil microorganisms, as well as it degradation. The rate of degradation is of great importance for the future of chelate assisted phytoextraction as it has a direct impact on the leaching probability. An effective prevention of leaching will be crucial for the acceptance and the economic breakthrough of enhanced phytoextraction, but a satisfactory solution to this key issue has so far not been found. Possibly further experiments in the field of enhanced phytoextraction will be able to solve this major problem, but over decades various greenhouse experiments and recently field experiments have resulted in different observations. Therefore, it is questionable if further research in this direction will lead to a promising solution. Phytoextraction has possibly reached a turning point in which it should distance itself from chelate assisted phytoextraction and focus on alternative options.
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              Eficiência de absorção, translocação e utilização de fósforo por variedades de trigo

              A. D. Abichequer, H Bohnen (1998)
              Com vistas em obter variedades de trigo mais eficientes na absorção e, ou, utilização de fósforo, é importante a investigação das causas da maior eficiência de certas variedades. Realizou-se um experimento em solução nutritiva, com quatro concentrações de fósforo (1,6; 4,8; 12,9 e 32,3 µmol L-1), comparando cultivares considerados eficientes (Toropi e IAC 5) e ineficientes (IAS 20 e CNT 8) quanto à absorção de fósforo, translocação e utilização do nutriente, matéria seca produzida e morfologia das raízes (comprimento, raio médio e área superficial). O cultivo foi realizado em outubro e novembro de 1993, em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRGS (Porto Alegre-RS). As variedades não se diferenciaram quanto ao conteúdo de fósforo na planta. Não houve relação entre a absorção de fósforo e a morfologia das raízes. Os cultivares Toropi e IAC 5 mostraram-se mais eficientes na utilização de fósforo, bem como na translocação desse nutriente para a parte aérea.
              Article 0 comments Cited 25 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): floram
                Title: Floresta e Ambiente
                Abbreviated Title: Floresta Ambient.
                Publisher: Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (Seropédica, RJ, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 1415-0980
                ISSN (Electronic): 2179-8087
                Publication date (Print and electronic): 2020
                Volume: 27
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e20170852
                Affiliations
                [3] Tangará MT orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Mato Grosso Brasil
                [2] Pinheiral Rio de Janeiro orgnameInstituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [1] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2179-80872020000100130 Publisher ID: S2179-8087(20)02700100130
                DOI: 10.1590/2179-8087.085217
                SO-VID: e2b906ef-743b-47d3-8bf6-945ae72cf656
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 09 August 2017
                Date accepted : 31 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: phytoremediation,EDTA,heavy metals,contamination
                Data availability:
                Keywords: phytoremediation, EDTA, heavy metals, contamination

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