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      Influência da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar na esporulação de Magnaporthe grisea em trigo Translated title: Influence of temperature and relative air humidity on the sporulation of Magnaporthe grisea on wheat

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          Abstract

          O fungo Magnaporthe grisea (Anamorfo Pyricularia grisea) é o agente causal da brusone do trigo (Triticum aestivum), uma doença limitante à cultura do trigo no Brasil em regiões produtoras localizadas acima do paralelo 24 °S. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar na esporulação de M. grisea. O número médio de conídios foi determinado em ráquis de plantas de trigo previamente colonizados com o fungo e expostos em câmaras de crescimento sob temperaturas de 23 e 28 ºC, e com umidade relativa do ar de 80, 85, 90, 95 e 100%. A determinação do número de conídios produzidos foi feita após 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas de exposição em cada combinação de temperatura e umidade. Os efeitos da temperatura e da umidade foram significativos (P<0.001), mas não o da interação. A produção de conídios também foi determinada sob condições naturais de ambiente onde se verificou flutuação da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados do presente trabalho permitiram observar que quando a umidade relativa é elevada (> 90%) e a temperatura se encontra ao redor de 28 ºC, a produção de conídios de M. grisea é favorecida.

          Translated abstract

          The fungus Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph Pyricularia grisea) is the causal agent of wheat blast (Triticum aestivum), an important disease for the wheat crop in Brazil. The disease is more frequent in wheat producing regions above the parallel 24 °S. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of temperature and relative air humidity in the sporulation of M. grisea. The average number of conidia was determined in raquis of wheat plants previously colonized by the fungus and exposed to growth chambers under temperatures of 23 and 28 ºC, and with relative humidity of 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100%. The number of produced conidia was determined after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure in each combination of temperature and humidity. The effect of the temperature and the humidity was significant (P<0.001), but not the interaction. The production of conidia was also determined under natural environment conditions where temperature and the relative humidity fluctuated. The results of the present work revealed that production of conidia of M. grisea was favored by the combination of high relative humidity (> 90%) and temperature around 28 ºC.

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          A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals

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            A temperature and leaf wetness duration-based model for prediction of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf.

            ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), causing severe epidemics in golf course fairways. The effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on the development of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf were evaluated in controlled environment chambers. Six-week-old Legacy II ryegrass plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidial suspension of Pyricularia grisea (approximately 8 x 10(4) conidia per ml of water) and subjected to four different temperatures (20, 24, 28, and 32 degrees C) and 12 leaf wetness durations (3 to 36 h at 3-h intervals). Three days after inoculation, gray leaf spot developed on plants at all temperatures and leaf wetness durations. Disease incidence (percent leaf blades symptomatic) and severity (index 0 to 10; 0 = leaf blades asymptomatic, 10 = >90% leaf area necrotic) were assessed 7 days after inoculation. There were significant effects ( alpha = 0.0001) of temperature and leaf wetness duration on disease incidence and severity, and there were significant interactions ( alpha = 0.0001) between them. Among the four temperatures tested, 28 degrees C was most favorable to gray leaf spot development. Disease incidence and severity increased with increased leaf wetness duration at all temperatures. A shorter leaf wetness duration was required for disease development under warmer temperatures. Analysis of variance with orthogonal polynomial contrasts and regression analyses were used to determine the functional relationships among temperature and leaf wetness duration and gray leaf spot incidence and severity. Significant effects were included in a regression model that described the relationship. The polynomial model included linear, quadratic, and cubic terms for temperature and leaf wetness duration effects. The adjusted coefficients of determination for the fitted model for disease incidence and severity were 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The predictive model may be used as part of an integrated gray leaf spot forecasting system for perennial ryegrass turf.
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              Plant disease: underground life for rice foe.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fb
                Fitopatologia Brasileira
                Fitopatol. bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-4158
                1678-4677
                December 2006
                : 31
                : 6
                : 579-584
                Affiliations
                [01] Passo Fundo RS orgnameUniversidade de Passo Fundo orgdiv1Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária
                [02] Passo Fundo RS orgnameEmbrapa Trigo mauricio@ 123456cnpt.embrapa.br
                Article
                S0100-41582006000600007 S0100-4158(06)03100607
                e31c5e8a-5334-4ee2-9bf1-0b3cceed77df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 December 2006
                : 01 December 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos

                Triticum aestivum,Pyricularia grisea,climatic factors,predictive models,modelos preditivos,fatores climáticos

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