A dual responsive photonic liquid for independent modulation of color brightness and hue

Author(s): Yun Liu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Qingsong Fan ⁶ ^, ⁷ , Guanghao Zhu ⁸ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Gongpu Shi ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Huiru Ma ⁸ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Wei Li ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Tianlong Wu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Jitao Chen ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yadong Yin ⁶ ^, ⁷ , Jianguo Guan ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Journal: Materials Horizons

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

The brightness and hue of structural colors can be independently, continuously, and reversibly tuned in an aqueous suspension containing Fe ₃O ₄@poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) flexible photonic nanochains by changing the magnetic field and temperature.

Abstract

Responsive chromic materials are highly desirable in the fields of displays, anti-counterfeiting, and camouflage, but their advanced applications are usually limited by the unrealized delicate and independent tunability of their three intrinsic attributes of color. This work achieves the separate, continuous, and reversible modulation of structural color brightness and hue with an aqueous suspension of dual-responsive Fe ₃O ₄@polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)@poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) flexible photonic nanochains. The underlying modulation mechanism of color brightness was experimentally and numerically deciphered by analyzing the morphological responses to stimuli. When an increasing magnetic field was applied, the random worm-like flexible photonic nanochains gradually orientated along the field direction, due to the dominant magnetic dipole interaction over the thermal motion, lengthening the orientation segment length up to the whole of the nanochains. Consequently, the suspension displays increased color brightness (characterized by diffraction intensity). Meanwhile, the color hue (characterized by diffraction frequency) could be controlled by temperature, due to the volume changes of the interparticle PNIPAM. The achieved diverse color modulation advances the next-generation responsive chromic materials and enriches the basic understanding of the color tuning mechanisms. With versatile and facile color tunability and shape patterning, the developed responsive chromic liquid promises to have attractive potential in full-color displays and in adaptive camouflages.

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Jianping Ge, Yadong Yin (2011)

This Review summarizes recent developments in the field of responsive photonic crystal structures, including principles for design and fabrication and many strategies for applications, for example as optical switches or chemical and biological sensors. A number of fabrication methods are now available to realize responsive photonic structures, the majority of which rely on self-assembly processes to achieve ordering. Compared with microfabrication techniques, self-assembly approaches have lower processing costs and higher production efficiency, however, major efforts are still needed to further develop such approaches. In fact, some emerging techniques such as spin coating, magnetic assembly, and flow-induced self-assembly have already shown great promise in overcoming current challenges. When designing new systems with improved performance, it is always helpful to bear in mind the lessons learnt from natural photonic structures. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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Is Open Access

Photonic crystals cause active colour change in chameleons

Jérémie Teyssier, Suzanne Saenko, Dirk van der Marel … (2015)

Many chameleons, and panther chameleons in particular, have the remarkable ability to exhibit complex and rapid colour changes during social interactions such as male contests or courtship. It is generally interpreted that these changes are due to dispersion/aggregation of pigment-containing organelles within dermal chromatophores. Here, combining microscopy, photometric videography and photonic band-gap modelling, we show that chameleons shift colour through active tuning of a lattice of guanine nanocrystals within a superficial thick layer of dermal iridophores. In addition, we show that a deeper population of iridophores with larger crystals reflects a substantial proportion of sunlight especially in the near-infrared range. The organization of iridophores into two superposed layers constitutes an evolutionary novelty for chameleons, which allows some species to combine efficient camouflage with spectacular display, while potentially providing passive thermal protection.