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      Health-promoting schools: an opportunity for oral health promotion Translated title: Promotion de la santé dans les écoles: une opportunité de promouvoir la santé bucco-dentaire Translated title: Escuelas promotoras de la salud: una oportunidad para promover la salud bucodental

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          Abstract

          Schools provide an important setting for promoting health, as they reach over 1 billion children worldwide and, through them, the school staff, families and the community as a whole. Health promotion messages can be reinforced throughout the most influential stages of children's lives, enabling them to develop lifelong sustainable attitudes and skills. Poor oral health can have a detrimental effect on children's quality of life, their performance at school and their success in later life. This paper examines the global need for promoting oral health through schools. The WHO Global School Health Initiative and the potential for setting up oral health programmes in schools using the health-promoting school framework are discussed. The challenges faced in promoting oral health in schools in both developed and developing countries are highlighted. The importance of using a validated framework and appropriate methodologies for the evaluation of school oral health projects is emphasized.

          Translated abstract

          Les écoles offrent un cadre important pour la promotion de la santé, dans la mesure où elles permettent de toucher plus d'un milliard d'enfants dans le monde et, à travers eux, le personnel enseignant, les familles et la communauté dans son ensemble. Il est possible de renforcer les messages de promotion de la santé à mesure que les enfants traversent les stades les plus influençables de la vie, ce qui les conduit à développer des attitudes et des compétences qu'ils conserveront durant toute leur existence. Une mauvaise santé bucco-dentaire peut être préjudiciable pour la qualité de vie, les performances scolaires et la réussite ultérieure des enfants. Le présent article examine les besoins mondiaux en matière de promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire à travers les établissements scolaires. Il présente l'Initiative mondiale pour la santé à l'école de l'OMS et les possibilités de mettre sur pied des programmes de santé bucco-dentaire dans les établissements scolaires à l'aide du cadre de promotion de la santé à l'école. Il met en lumière les difficultés rencontrées par la promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire à l'école dans les pays développés, comme dans ceux en développement. Il souligne l'importance d'utiliser un cadre validé et des méthodes appropriées pour évaluer les projets de promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire en milieu scolaire.

          Translated abstract

          Las escuelas brindan un entorno interesante para promover la salud, pues permiten alcanzar a mil millones de niños en todo el mundo y, a través de ellos, al personal escolar, a las familias y al conjunto de la comunidad. Los mensajes de promoción de la salud pueden reforzarse a lo largo de las etapas más determinantes de la vida de los niños, capacitando así a éstos para desarrollar actitudes y aptitudes permanentes. Una salud bucodental deficiente puede repercutir gravemente en la calidad de vida de los niños, en su rendimiento escolar y en sus logros en etapas posteriores de la vida. En este artículo se analiza la necesidad mundial de fomentar la salud bucodental a través de las escuelas. Se examinan la Iniciativa Mundial de Salud Escolar de la OMS y las posibilidades de poner en marcha programas de salud bucodental en las escuelas utilizando el marco escolar de promoción de la salud. Se ponen de relieve los retos que deben afrontarse para promover la salud bucodental en las escuelas tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países en desarrollo, y se subraya la importancia de usar un marco validado y metodologías apropiadas para evaluar los proyectos de salud bucodental en las escuelas.

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          Most cited references86

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          Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases.

          Shifting dietary patterns, a decline in energy expenditure associated with a sedentary lifestyle, an ageing population--together with tobacco use and alcohol consumption--are major risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and pose an increasing challenge to public health. This report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation reviews the evidence on the effects of diet and nutrition on chronic diseases and makes recommendations for public health policies and strategies that encompass societal, behavioural and ecological dimensions. Although the primary aim of the Consultation was to set targets related to diet and nutrition, the importance of physical activity was also emphasized. The Consultation considered diet in the context of the macro-economic implications of public health recommendations on agriculture and the global supply and demand for fresh and processed foodstuffs. In setting out ways to decrease the burden of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (including hypertension and stroke), cancer, dental diseases and osteoporosis, this report proposes that nutrition should be placed at the forefront of public health policies and programmes. This report will be of interest to policy-makers and public health professionals alike, in a wide range of disciplines including nutrition, general medicine and gerontology. It shows how, at the population level, diet and exercise throughout the life course can reduce the threat of a global epidemic of chronic diseases.
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            Oral health in America: a report of the Surgeon General.

            S General (2000)
            The U.S. surgeon general released this year the nation's first official report on oral health. This document elaborates on the meaning of oral health and explains why oral health is essential to general health and well-being. We have reprinted here an abridged version of the report's Executive Summary. The full report can be accessed at.
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              Dietary effects on dental diseases.

              A. Sheiham (2001)
              Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic disease and its consequences cause a lot of pain and suffering. Sugars, particularly sucrose, are the most important dietary aetiological cause of caries. Both the frequency of consumption and total amount of sugars is important in the aetiology of caries. The evidence establishing sugars as an aetiological factor in dental caries is overwhelming. The foundation of this lies in the multiplicity of studies rather than the power of any one. That statement by the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force on Oral Health, Diet and Other Factors, sums up the relationship between sugars and caries in Europe. There is no evidence that sugars naturally incorporated in the cellular structure of foods (intrinsic sugars) or lactose in milk or milk products (milk sugars) have adverse effects on health. Foods rich in starch, without the addition of sugars, play a small role in coronal dental caries. The intake of extrinsic sugars beyond four times a day leads to an increase risk of dental caries. The current dose-response relationship between caries and extrinsic sugars suggests that the sugars levels above 60 g/person/day for teenagers and adults increases the rate of caries. For pre-school and young children the intakes should be proportional to those for teenagers; about 30 g/person/day for pre-school children. Fluoride, particularly in toothpastes, is a very important preventive agent against dental caries. Toothbrushing without fluorides has little effect on caries. As additional fluoride to that currently available in toothpaste does not appear to be benefiting the teeth of the majority of people, the main strategy to further reduce the levels of caries, is reducing the frequency of sugars intakes in the diet. Dental erosion rates are considered to be increasing. The aetiology is acids in foods and drinks and to a much lesser extent from regurgitation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                September 2005
                : 83
                : 9
                : 677-685
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameWorld Health Organization orgdiv1Oral Health Programme
                [01] orgnameLeeds Dental Institute orgdiv1Dental Public Health
                [04] orgnameFriedrich-Schiller University of Jena orgdiv1Dental School of Erfurt orgdiv2Department of Preventive Dentistry
                [03] orgnameUniversity of Liverpool orgdiv1School of Dentistry orgdiv2Department of Clinical Dental Sciences
                Article
                S0042-96862005000900013 S0042-9686(05)08300913
                10.1590/S0042-96862005000900013
                16211159
                e3462b50-0a79-4f2a-8476-03a12b72d504

                History
                : 27 June 2005
                : 24 June 2005
                : 18 February 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Policy and Practice

                Política de salud,Promoción de la salud,Conducta de salud,Servicios de alimentación,Educación en salud dental,Escuelas,Servicios de salud escolar,Higiene bucal,Salud bucal,Politique sanitaire,Promotion santé,Hygiène de vie,Restauration,Service hygiène scolaire,Education sanitaire dentaire,Etablissement scolaire,Hygiène bucco-dentaire,Hygiène buccale,Health policy,Health promotion,Health behavior,Food services,Dental,Health education,School health services,Schools,Oral hygiene,Oral health

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