Establishing Cephalometric Norms using Sagittal and Vertical Occlusal Cephalometric Analysis of Pancherz for Dakshina Kannada Children

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Abstract

Background:

The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the sagittal occlusal (SO) and vertical occlusal (VO) cephalometric analyses of Pancherz for Dakshina Kannada children and to analyze and compare the difference between boys and girls of same age group (10-14 years).

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred and sixty-three (132 boys and 131 girls) children of Dakshina Kannada were included in this study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of children belonging to the age group of 10-14 years were taken. Dental lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and these cephalometric radiographs were then manually traced. All the parameters considered in the Pancherz analysis were considered while establishing the norms for Dakshina Kannada children.

Results:

Statistically significant sex differences were found for 9 of 11 parameters in the sagittal occlusal analysis, and 10 of 10 in the Vertical occlusal analysis.

Conclusions:

For the sagittal and Vertical occlusal analyses of Pancherz a separate sex-specific standards are needed for Dakshina Kannada children.

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Most cited references 29

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The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation.

H Pancherz (1982)

Sagittal skeletal and dental changes contributing to Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment were evaluated quantitatively on lateral roentgenograms. The material consisted of forty-two Class II. Division 1 malocclusion cases. Twenty-two of these were treated with the Herbst appliance for 6 months. The other twenty cases served as a control group. The results of the investigation revealed the following: (1) Bite jumping with the Herbst appliance resulted in Class 1 occlusal relationships in all treated cases. (2) The improvement in occlusal relationships was about equally a result of skeletal and dental changes. (3) Class II molar correction averaging 6.7 mm. was mainly a result of a 2.2 mm. increase in mandibular length, a 2.8 mm. distal movement of the maxillary molars, and a 1.0 mm. mesial movement of the mandibular molars. (4) Overjet correction averaging 5.2 mm. was mainly a result of a 2.2 mm. increase in mandibular length and a 1.8 mm. mesial movement of the mandibular incisors. (5) Anterior condylar displacement (0.3 mm.), redirection of maxillary growth (0.4 mm.), and distal movement of the maxillary incisors (0.5 mm.) were of minor importance in the improvement in molar and incisor relationships seen. (6) A direct relationship existed between the amount of bite jumping at the start of treatment and the treatment effects on the occlusion and on mandibular growth. For a maximal treatment response, it is suggested that the Herbst appliance be constructed with the mandible jumped anteriorly as much as possible, namely, to an incisal edge-to-edge position. The clinician should be aware of the dental changes occurring during Herbst appliance treatment and make sure that these changes are not incongruous with his over-all treatment goal.

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The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study.

H Pancherz, M Anehus-Pancherz (1993)

The short- and long-term effects of the Herbst appliance on the maxillary complex were evaluated in 45 patients who had Class II malocclusions. The patients were followed for 6.4 years (5 to 10 years) after treatment. Lateral cephalograms from before and after 7 months of treatment, 6 months, and 6.4 years after treatment were analyzed. During Herbst treatment the upper molars were distalized in 96% of the subjects (maximum 4.5 mm), and the upper molars were intruded in 69% of the subjects (maximum 3.5 mm). The maxillary occlusal plane was opened in 82% of the subjects (maximum 7.5 degrees). Sagittal maxillary jaw base position seemed unaffected by therapy. A downward tipping of the palatal plane was noted in 47% of the subjects (maximum 2 degrees). During the first 6 months after therapy most of the treatment changes reverted. During the following 5.9 years after treatment, normal growth developmental changes prevailed: the upper molars moved mesially, and the teeth extruded, the occlusal plane closed, the maxilla grew anteriorly, and the palatal plane tipped downward. In conclusion the Herbst appliance exhibited a pronounced high-pull headgear effect on the maxillary complex. Without proper retention, however, the effect seemed to be of a temporary nature.

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Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions in early and late adulthood. a prospective cephalometric study of consecutively treated subjects.

Hans Pancherz, Sabine Ruf (2006)

A prospective study of 23 consecutive adult Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects (19 female and 4 male) treated with the Herbst/multibracket (MB) appliance is presented. The skeletal, dental, and facial profile changes were evaluated in addition to the mechanism of Class II correction during the Herbst phase and the settling of the occlusion during the MB phase. The mean pre-treatment age of the subjects was 21.9 years (15.7-44.4 years). Lateral head films in habitual occlusion from before treatment (T1) and after the Herbst (T2) and MB (T3) phases were analysed using standard cephalometrics and the sagittal occlusion analysis. For the standard cephalometrics, normal growth standards were utilized as control parameters. All patients were treated successfully to a Class I occlusal relationship with a normal overjet and overbite. The mandibular variables (SNB and SNPg) showed an angular increase (1.22 and 0.93 degrees, respectively) during T2-T1 followed by an angular reduction (0.40 and 0.23 degrees, respectively) during T3-T2. Compared with normal growth standards, all mandibular parameters were affected favourably by Herbst/MB treatment. Both the skeletal and soft tissue profile convexities were significantly reduced. Over the entire observation period (T3-T1), the largest amount of profile convexity reduction was seen for the soft tissue profile excluding the nose (mean 3.14 degrees). Class II correction was achieved by both skeletal and dental changes: overjet correction by 13 per cent skeletal and 87 per cent dental changes, and molar correction by 22 per cent skeletal and 78 per cent dental changes. In conclusion, on a short-term basis, the Herbst/MB appliance combination was found to be a powerful tool for non-surgical, non-extraction, treatment of Class II division I subjects in early and late adulthood.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int Oral Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): JIOH

Title: Journal of International Oral Health : JIOH

Publisher: Dentmedpub Research and Printing Co (India )

ISSN (Print): 0976-7428

ISSN (Electronic): 0976-1799

Publication date (Print): July 2015

Volume: 7

Issue: 7

Pages: 48-52

Affiliations

[1 ]Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, MR Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

[2 ]Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Subbaiah Institute of Dental Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India

[3 ]Director and Professor & Head, Department of Orthodontics, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India

[4 ]Professor, Department of Orthodontics, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India

Author notes

Correspondence: Dr. Sahitya M. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, MR Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Phone: +91-9035440275. Email: drsahitya3@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: JIOH-7-48

PMC ID: 4513775

PubMed ID: 26229370

SO-VID: e5faf2ae-a9c1-43ea-a2e3-cc32fe4d5733

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Establishing Cephalometric Norms using Sagittal and Vertical Occlusal Cephalometric Analysis of Pancherz for Dakshina Kannada Children

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Abstract

Background:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Related collections

Core Readings in Statistical Mediation Analysis

Most cited references 29

The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation.

The headgear effect of the Herbst appliance: a cephalometric long-term study.

Herbst/multibracket appliance treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions in early and late adulthood. a prospective cephalometric study of consecutively treated subjects.

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