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      Overlapping pubic symphysis dislocation: a case report and proposal of a classification system

      research-article
      1 , 1 , 2
      SA Orthopaedic Journal
      Champagne Media (Pty) Ltd

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          Abstract

          We report on a rare case of pelvic ring injury with an overlapping pubic symphysis dislocation in a patient who was a pedestrian involved in a motor vehicle accident. She sustained a lateral compression pelvic ring injury with an overlapping pubic symphysis dislocation and a mildly displaced zone 2 sacral fracture. She was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the pubic symphysis and a percutaneously inserted ilio-sacral screw for the sacral fracture. She recovered well and is asymptomatic at 9 months' follow-up. Only one case has been reported previously that was treated in a similar way. We review the literature, offer recommendations on management and propose a classification system for this injury.

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          Pelvic ring disruptions: effective classification system and treatment protocols.

          From January 1, 1985, to September 10, 1988, 210 consecutive patients with high-energy pelvic ring disruptions (exclusive of acetabular fractures) were admitted to a statewide referral center for adult multiple trauma. They were treated by one of four attending orthopaedic traumatologists per protocol as determined by their injury classification and hemodynamic status; the injury classification system was based on the vector of force involved and the quantification of disruption from that force, i.e., lateral compression, anteroposterior compression, vertical shear, and combined mechanical injury. Of the 210 patients, 162 had complete charts: 126 (78.0%) were admitted directly from the scene, 110 (67.9%) were injured in motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents, 25 (15.0%) were admitted in shock (blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg), the average Glasgow Coma Score was 13.2, and the average Injury Severity Score was 25.8. Treatment of the pelvic fracture included the following methods (alone or in combination): acute external fixation (45.0; 28.0%), open reduction/internal fixation (22; 13.5%), acute arterial embolization (11; 7.0%), and bedrest (68; 42.0%). Overall blood replacement averaged 5.9 units (lateral compression, 3.6 units; anteroposterior compression, 14.8 units; vertical shear, 9.2 units; combined mechanical, 8.5 units). Overall mortality was 8.6% (lateral compression, 7.0%; anteroposterior, 20.0%, vertical shear, 0%; combined mechanical, 18.0%). The cause of death was associated with the pelvic fracture in less than 50%; no patient with an isolated or vertical shear pelvic injury died. We conclude that the predictive value of our classification system (incorporating appreciation of the causative forces and resulting injury patterns) and our classification-based treatment protocols reduce the morbidity and mortality related to pelvic ring disruption.
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            Early results of percutaneous iliosacral screws placed with the patient in the supine position.

            The operative management of pelvic ring fractures and dislocations is difficult. Posterior pelvic ring disruptions are often associated with severe soft-tissue injuries and high infection rates. Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation of the posterior pelvis has become popular with improved fluoroscopic imaging techniques. The percutaneous iliosacral screw technique after closed reduction of the posterior pelvic disruption minimally violates the soft-tissue envelope and should diminish both the operative blood loss and infection rate. The early results and complications are documented in our first 68 patients.
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              The symphysis pubis. Anatomic and pathologic considerations.

              The symphysis pubis is a nonsynovial amphiarthrodial joint that is situated at the confluence of the two pubic bones. A thick intrapubic fibrocartilaginous disc is sandwiched between thin layers of hyaline cartilage. The inferior pubic ligament provides most of the joint's stability. Anatomic sections demonstrate a symphysis by the end of the second month of gestation. Thick cartilaginous end-plates are present at birth but become thin by the time of skeletal maturity. Congenital diseases resulting in failure of symphysis formation include exstrophy of the bladder and cleidocranial dysostosis. Both pyogenic and tuberculous infectious diseases involve the symphysis. Metabolic disease, such as renal osteodystrophy, produces widening, while ochronosis results in calcific deposits in the symphysis. Inflammatory disease, such as ankylosing spondylitis, results in bony fusion of the symphysis. Osteitis pubis, the most common inflammatory disease, is treated with anti-inflammatory medication and rest. Degenerative joint disease of the symphysis, which can cause groin pain, results from instability or from abnormal pelvic mechanics. As is the case with most joints, the symphysis serves as a barrier to tumor invasion. The patterns of trauma include diastasis, straddle fracture, intraarticular fracture and overlapping dislocation, and combinations of injuries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                saoj
                SA Orthopaedic Journal
                SA orthop. j.
                Champagne Media (Pty) Ltd (Pretoria )
                2309-8309
                2010
                : 9
                : 4
                : 74-77
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Groote Schuur Hospital South Africa
                [2 ] Life Orthopaedic Hospital
                Article
                S1681-150X2010000400015
                e65e74e3-10a2-481d-a3ab-e13bf97e4572

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO South Africa

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1681-150X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Care Sciences & Services
                Orthopedics

                Orthopedics,Health & Social care
                Orthopedics, Health & Social care

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