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      Explore pre-hospital emergency challenges in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: A quality content analysis in the Iranian context

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          Abstract

          Background

          pre-hospital emergency is a community-oriented system that responds to the medical needs of the injured or patients with acute and emergency illnesses outside of health care facilities until they are transferred to a medical center. This study aimed to explore pre-hospital emergency challenges in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

          Material and methods

          This study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis in Iran. Using the purposive sampling method, data were collected through in-depth individual interviews with 28 prehospital paramedic personnel from November 2020 to November 2021. Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis methods were used to analyze the data and for the trustworthiness of the data, this study used Lincoln and Guba's recommendations.

          Results

          After multiple rounds of analyzing and summarizing the data and taking into consideration similarities and differences, four main categories and 10 subcategories were created based on the results of the data analysis and including (1) Culture and Community. (2) Service delivery (3) Human resources; (4) Medical supplies and equipment.

          Conclusion

          According to the findings of this study emergency medical system employees are suffering from a range of psychiatric problems as a result of a lack of equipment and job overload, which has a detrimental impact on the quality of pre-hospital emergency care. Therefore, emergency care senior management should develop comprehensive guidelines, provide more equipment and minimize professional challenges to improve the quality and safety of pre-hospital emergency care services.

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          Most cited references38

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          Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.

          U.H. Graneheim, B Lundman (2004)
          Qualitative content analysis as described in published literature shows conflicting opinions and unsolved issues regarding meaning and use of concepts, procedures and interpretation. This paper provides an overview of important concepts (manifest and latent content, unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, abstraction, content area, code, category and theme) related to qualitative content analysis; illustrates the use of concepts related to the research procedure; and proposes measures to achieve trustworthiness (credibility, dependability and transferability) throughout the steps of the research procedure. Interpretation in qualitative content analysis is discussed in light of Watzlawick et al.'s [Pragmatics of Human Communication. A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, London] theory of communication.
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            Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

            Tait Shanafelt, Jonathan A. Ripp, Mickey Trockel (2020)
            Article 0 comments Cited 764 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales

              Virginia Braun, Victoria Clarke (2019)
              Article 0 comments Cited 580 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 August 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 August 2022
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 864019
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Health Services Management, Student Research Committee of School of Management and Medical Information, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
                [2] 2Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
                [3] 3Department of Nursing, Zarand Branch, Islamic Azad University , Zarand, Iran
                [4] 4Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
                Author notes

                Edited by: Stefano Orlando, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy

                Reviewed by: Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Bahar Khosravi, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran; Arash Ziapour, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran

                *Correspondence: Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri hojat.sheikhbardsiri@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Disaster and Emergency Medicine, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.864019
                PMC ID: 9428312
                PubMed ID: 36062086
                SO-VID: e79259b5-b2fd-49cf-93bb-95d035e85f6a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Hadian, Jabbari, Abdollahi, Hosseini and Sheikhbardsiri.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 28 January 2022
                Date accepted : 25 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 11, Words: 7683
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: pre-hospital emergency,challenges,covid-19 pandemic,nurses,paramedic
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pre-hospital emergency, challenges, covid-19 pandemic, nurses, paramedic

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