Formula-feeding practice and associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age: a comparative study in Jimma zone Western Ethiopia

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Abstract

Background

Infants are in a state of rapid development and maturation; the growth rate is most rapid during the first 4 to 6 months of life. Few studies indicated that in developing countries including Ethiopia the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding is declining and being replaced by formula milk. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the formula-feeding practice and its associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age in the Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 7, 2015, to January 10, 2016, in the Jimma Zone. The quantitative data were collected from a sample of 714 respondents using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to show predictors of the formula-feeding practice among mothers with infants 0–6 months of age.

Result

The proportion of mothers who feed their baby formula-based was 47.2%, of which 34.5% were living in rural areas and 65.5% were living in urban areas. Among the mothers living in urban areas, the likelihood of formula-feeding was significantly associated with maternal educational status and attitude towards formula-feeding. On the other hand, being attended by relatives/friends and the traditional birth attendant was significantly associated with the formula-feeding practice among mothers who live in rural areas.

Conclusion

Nearly half of the mothers in the study area practice formula-feeding for their infant. Therefore, sustained community based nutritional health education is recommended for pregnant and lactating mothers to reduce the practice of formula-feeding for infants.

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Most cited references 18

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Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.

Lawrence Gartner, Jane I. Morton, Ruth Lawrence … (2005)

Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the 1997 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and reflects this newer knowledge and the supporting publications. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, the mother, and the community are summarized, and recommendations to guide the pediatrician and other health care professionals in assisting mothers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for healthy term infants and high-risk infants are presented. The policy statement delineates various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation.

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Breast-feeding patterns, time to initiation, and mortality risk among newborns in southern Nepal.

Steven LeClerq, Subarna Khatry, Gary Darmstadt … (2008)

Initiation of breast-feeding within 1 h after birth has been associated with reduced neonatal mortality in a rural Ghanaian population. In South Asia, however, breast-feeding patterns and low birth weight rates differ and this relationship has not been quantified. Data were collected during a community-based randomized trial of the impact of topical chlorhexidine antisepsis interventions on neonatal mortality and morbidity in southern Nepal. In-home visits were conducted on d 1-4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 21, and 28 to collect longitudinal information on timing of initiation and pattern of breast-feeding. Multivariable regression modeling was used to estimate the association between death and breast-feeding initiation time. Analysis was based on 22,838 breast-fed newborns surviving to 48 h. Within 1 h of birth, 3.4% of infants were breast-fed and 56.6% were breast-fed within 24 h of birth. Partially breast-fed infants (72.6%) were at higher mortality risk [relative risk (RR) = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.32-2.39] than those exclusively breast-fed. There was a trend (P = 0.03) toward higher mortality with increasing delay in breast-feeding initiation. Mortality was higher among late (> or = 24 h) compared with early (< 24 h) initiators (RR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.08-1.86) after adjustment for low birth weight, preterm birth, and other covariates. Improvements in breast-feeding practices in this setting may reduce neonatal mortality substantially. Approximately 7.7 and 19.1% of all neonatal deaths may be avoided with universal initiation of breast-feeding within the first day or hour of life, respectively. Community-based breast-feeding promotion programs should remain a priority, with renewed emphasis on early initiation in addition to exclusiveness and duration of breast-feeding.

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The risks of not breastfeeding for mothers and infants.

Alison Stuebe (2009)

Health outcomes in developed countries differ substantially for mothers and infants who formula feed compared with those who breastfeed. For infants, not being breastfed is associated with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as elevated risks of childhood obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. For mothers, failure to breastfeed is associated with an increased incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer, retained gestational weight gain, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and the metabolic syndrome. Obstetricians are uniquely positioned to counsel mothers about the health impact of breastfeeding and to ensure that mothers and infants receive appropriate, evidence-based care, starting at birth.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lakew Abebe: lakewgebretsadik@gmail.com

Mamusha Aman: afiiga@yahoo.com

Shifera Asfaw: shifera@yahoo.com

Hailay Gebreyesus: +251- 946252966 , ghailay2015@gmail.com

Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin: mebrie1216@gmail.com

Abebe Mamo: abem24@yahoo.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pediatr

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pediatr

Title: BMC Pediatrics

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2431

Publication date (Electronic): 4 November 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 4 November 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 408

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2034 9160, GRID grid.411903.e, Departments of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, , Jimma University, ; Jimma, Ethiopia

[2 ]GRID grid.448640.a, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, , Aksum University, ; P.O. Box 298, Aksum, Ethiopia

[3 ]GRID grid.448640.a, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, , Aksum University, ; Aksum, Ethiopia

Article

Publisher ID: 1789

DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1789-8

PMC ID: 6827217

PubMed ID: 31684900

SO-VID: e81e3e0a-40fc-43e4-ad52-8bdfcd6ea0a9

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 25 September 2018

Date accepted : 16 October 2019

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics

Keywords: formula-feeding practice,predictors of formula feeding,jimma,ethiopia

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics

Keywords: formula-feeding practice, predictors of formula feeding, jimma, ethiopia

Formula-feeding practice and associated factors among urban and rural mothers with infants 0–6 months of age: a comparative study in Jimma zone Western Ethiopia

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Chinese Journal of General Practice

Most cited references 18

Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.

Breast-feeding patterns, time to initiation, and mortality risk among newborns in southern Nepal.

The risks of not breastfeeding for mothers and infants.

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