8
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Mediterranean spotted fever in Spain, 1997-2014: Epidemiological situation based on hospitalization records

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a zoonotic disease caused by Rickettsia conorii. In Spain, deficiencies in the official reporting result in misreporting of this disease. This study aims to describe the clinical and temporal-spatial characteristics of MSF hospitalizations between 1997 and 2014.

          Materials and methods

          We performed a retrospective descriptive study using the Hospitalization Minimum Data Set (CMBD). All CMBD’s hospital discharges with ICD-9 CM code 082.1 were analyzed. Hospitalization rates were calculated and clinical characteristics were described. Spatial distribution of cases and their temporal behavior were also assessed.

          Results

          A total of 4,735 hospitalizations with MSF diagnosis were recorded during the study period, out of which 62.2% were male, mean age of 48. Diabetes mellitus, alcohol dependence syndrome, and chronic liver disease occurred in 10.8%, 2.4% and 2.8% hospitalizations, respectively. The median annual hospitalization rate showed a decreasing trend from a maximum of 12.9 in 1997 to a minimum rate of 3.1 in 2014. Most admissions occurred during the summer, showing a significant annual seasonal behavior. Important regional differences were found.

          Discussion

          Although MSF hospitalization rates have decreased considerably, it remains a public health problem due to its severity and economic impact. Therefore, it would be desirable to improve its oversight and surveillance.

          Related collections

          Most cited references27

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases.

          Rickettsioses are caused by species of Rickettsia, a genus comprising organisms characterized by their strictly intracellular location and their association with arthropods. Rickettsia species are difficult to cultivate in vitro and exhibit strong serological cross-reactions with each other. These technical difficulties long prohibited a detailed study of the rickettsiae, and it is only following the recent introduction of novel laboratory methods that progress in this field has been possible. In this review, we discuss the impact that these practical innovations have had on the study of rickettsiae. Prior to 1986, only eight rickettsioses were clinically recognized; however, in the last 10 years, an additional six have been discovered. We describe the different steps that resulted in the description of each new rickettsiosis and discuss the influence of factors as diverse as physicians' curiosity and the adoption of molecular biology-based identification in helping to recognize these new infections. We also assess the pathogenic potential of rickettsial strains that to date have been associated only with arthropods, and we discuss diseases of unknown etiology that may be rickettsioses.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

            Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a life-threatening disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, an obligately intracellular bacterium that is spread to human beings by ticks. More than a century after its first clinical description, this disease is still among the most virulent human infections identified, being potentially fatal even in previously healthy young people. The diagnosis of RMSF is based on the patient's history and a physical examination, and often presents a dilemma for clinicians because of the non-specific presentation of the disease in its early course. Early empirical treatment is essential to prevent severe complications or a fatal outcome, and treatment should be initiated even in unconfirmed cases. Because there is no vaccine available against RMSF, avoidance of tick-infested areas is still the best way to prevent the infection.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern Europe.

              Mediterranean spotted fever due to Rickettsia conorii conorii was thought, for many years, to be the only tick-borne rickettsial disease prevalent in southern and eastern Europe. However, in recent years, six more species or subspecies within the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia have been described as emerging pathogens in this part of the world. Tick-borne agents include Rickettsia conorii israelensis, Rickettsia conorii caspia, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia massiliae. Many Rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity have also been detected from ticks and could represent potential emerging pathogens to be discovered in the future. Furthermore, a new spotted fever rickettsia, Rickettsia felis, was found to be associated with cat fleas and is an emerging human pathogen. Finally, the mite-transmitted Rickettsia akari, the agent of rickettsialpox, is also known to be prevalent in Europe. We present here an overview of these rickettsioses, focusing on emerging diseases.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                29 March 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 3
                : e0174745
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Centre for Tropical Medicine, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
                [2 ]Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
                [3 ]Network Biomedical Research Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
                [4 ]National Centre of Epidemiology, Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
                [5 ]Unidad de Investigación Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca-Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
                University of Minnesota, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: ZH AFM DGB.

                • Formal analysis: ZH DGB IL.

                • Funding acquisition: ZH DGB.

                • Investigation: ZH AFM DGB IL.

                • Methodology: ZH DGB.

                • Project administration: ZH.

                • Resources: DGB IL.

                • Supervision: ZH.

                • Visualization: ZH AFM DGB IL CV AM.

                • Writing – original draft: ZH AFM DGB IL.

                • Writing – review & editing: ZH AFM DGB IL CV AM AB.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-3818
                Article
                PONE-D-16-50045
                10.1371/journal.pone.0174745
                5371374
                28355307
                e83433e7-6505-4c09-8eeb-0caf6dd08f22
                © 2017 Herrador et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 December 2016
                : 14 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Pages: 13
                Funding
                This study was supported by Project “PI15/01398”, funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”) and the Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish) RD12/0018/0001, supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) from the European Comission.
                Categories
                Research Article
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Europe
                Spain
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Disease Vectors
                Ticks
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Species Interactions
                Disease Vectors
                Ticks
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Arthropoda
                Arachnida
                Ixodes
                Ticks
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Gastroenterology and Hepatology
                Liver Diseases
                Cirrhosis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Fevers
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Fevers
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Zoonoses
                Mediterranean Spotted Fever
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Addiction
                Alcoholism
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Addiction
                Alcoholism
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Alcoholism
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Alcoholism
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Rickettsia
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Rickettsia
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Rickettsia
                Custom metadata
                The study involves the use of patient medical data from The Spanish Centralized Hospital Discharge Database (CMBD). Data are hosted by the Ministry of Health Social Services and Equality (MSSSI). Researchers working in public and private institutions can request the databases by filling, signing and sending a questionnaire available at the MSSSI website. In this questionnaire a signed Confidentiality Commitment is required. All data are anonymized and de-identified by the MSSSI before it is provided to applicants. According to this Confidentiality Commitment signed with the MSSSI, researchers cannot provide the data to other researchers that must request the data directly to the MSSSI. Data can be obtained through the following link: http://www.msssi.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/estadisticas/estMinisterio/SolicitudCMBDdocs/Formulario_Peticion_Datos_CMBD.pdf.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article