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      Unidades de Medición Inercial: una alternativa promisoria en la evaluación de la marcha Translated title: Inertial Measurement Units: a promising alternative in gait assessment

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          Abstract

          Resumen El análisis de los patrones de la marcha permite evaluar el desempeño físico en personas de diferentes edades y constituye un predictor del riesgo de caídas y de deterioro cognitivo en los adultos mayores. Esta evaluación suele realizarse en laboratorios especializados, aunque se está imponiendo el uso de Unidades de Medición Inercial (UMI), dispositivos portables para registrar la marcha de forma ambulatoria y en ambientes externos. En este trabajo se evaluaron dos UMI para seleccionar la de mejor desempeño, considerando sus especificaciones técnicas, la robustez en la transmisión de la información y la facilidad de montaje y de uso. Se implementó un algoritmo en Matlab para detectar los eventos de la marcha, mediante la integración de la señal de acelerometría vertical y su doble derivación utilizando la transformada de ondícula continua. A partir de estos eventos, se calcularon 16 parámetros espacio-temporales (PETM). Se ejecutó un experimento exploratorio para comparar los valores de un conjunto de PETM entre la UMI BITalino RIoT, escogida por su mejor desempeño en los aspectos evaluados, y el sistema comercial BTS-GWalk, considerado como estándar de oro para la prueba. Los valores de los PETM obtenidos con ambos dispositivos tuvieron una correlación significativa, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre 0,7218 y 0,9986. Ello indica que la UMI seleccionada permite el registro y evaluación de la marcha de forma ambulatoria con resultados satisfactorios, lo que constituye un punto de partida en la búsqueda de biomarcadores para predecir el deterioro cognitivo a partir de la marcha.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The analysis of gait patterns allows the evaluation of physical performance across different ages, as they are predictors of the risk of falls and of cognitive decline in older adults. Although the clinical evaluation is usually carried out in specialized laboratories, it is increasing popular the use of Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), which are portable devices that enable the ambulatory recording of gait patterns. In this study we evaluated two IMU to select the one with better performance, according to its technical specifications, robustness in data transmission and the ease of assembly and use. An algorithm for detecting gait events in the patterns recorded was implemented in Matlab, by integrating the vertical accelerometry signals and its double derivation using the Gaussian continuous wavelet transform. 16 spatio-temporal parameters (STGF) were calculated from these events. An exploratory experiment was conducted to compare the values of a set of STGF between the IMU BITalino RIoT, chosen for its best performance in the evaluated aspects, and the commercial system BTS-GWalk, which is considered as the gold standard for the test. The STGF values obtained with both devices were significantly correlated, with a Pearson correlation coefficient between 0,7218 and 0,9986. This indicates that the selected IMU allows the recording and assessment of gait on an outpatient basis with satisfactory results, which constitutes a starting point in searching for biomarkers to predict cognitive impairment based on gait.

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          Most cited references62

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          ISB recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data.

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            Normative spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults.

            While factor analyses have characterized pace, rhythm and variability as factors that explain variance in gait performance in older adults, comprehensive analyses incorporating many gait parameters have not been undertaken and normative data for many of those parameters are lacking. The purposes of this study were to conduct a factor analysis on nearly two dozen spatiotemporal gait parameters and to contribute to the normative database of gait parameters from healthy, able-bodied men and women over the age of 70. Data were extracted from 294 participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Spatiotemporal gait data were obtained as participants completed two walks across a 5.6-m electronic walkway (GAITRite(®)). Five primary domains of spatiotemporal gait performance were identified: a "rhythm" domain was characterized by cadence and temporal parameters such as stride time; a "phase" domain was characterized by temporophasic parameters that constitute distinct divisions of the gait cycle; a "variability" domain encompassed gait cycle and step variability parameters; a "pace" domain was characterized by parameters that included gait speed, step length and stride length; and a "base of support" domain was characterized by step width and step width variability. Several domains differed between men and women and differed across age groups. Reference values of 23 gait parameters are presented which researchers or clinicians can use for assessing and interpreting gait dysfunction in aging persons. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Assessment of spatio-temporal parameters during unconstrained walking.

              This paper presents an analysis of spatio-temporal gait parameters during overground walking based upon a method that needs only lower trunk accelerations. Twenty-six healthy young subjects and 15 healthy elderly subjects participated in an experiment where overground walking was studied at different speeds. Accelerations of the lower trunk were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer connected to a portable data logger carried on the body. An analysis of trunk acceleration data produced temporal gait parameters (duration of subsequent stride cycles and left/right steps) and convincing estimations of spatial parameters (step length and walking speed). Typical differences in spatio-temporal gait parameters between young and elderly subjects could be demonstrated, i.e. a limited range of walking speeds, smaller step lengths, and a somewhat higher variability of temporal parameters in elderly subjects. It is concluded from these results that essential spatio-temporal gait parameters can be determined during overground walking using only one tri-axial accelerometer. The method is easy-to-use and does not interfere with regular walking patterns. Both the accelerometer and the data logger can be miniaturised to one small instrument that can be carried on the trunk during hours of walking. Thus, the method can easily be incorporated in current activity monitors so that 24-h monitoring of postures and activities can be combined with assessment of gait characteristics during these monitoring periods. In addition, the presented method can be a basis for more sophisticated gait analyses during overground walking, e.g. an analysis of kinematic signals or muscle activity within subsequent stride cycles.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eac
                Ingeniería Electrónica, Automática y Comunicaciones
                EAC
                Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana José Antonio Echeverría, Cujae (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1815-5928
                December 2023
                : 44
                : 3
                : 1-15
                Affiliations
                [4] Madrid orgnameCentro de Investigación en Tecnologías Software y Sistemas Multimedia para la Sostenibilidad España
                [3] Florida orgnameBright Horizons Estados Unidos
                [1] La Habana La Habana orgnameCentro de Neurociencias de Cuba Cuba
                [2] La Habana La Habana orgnameCentro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología Cuba
                Article
                S1815-59282023000300001 S1815-5928(23)04400300001
                e881ae8d-2a86-4496-b625-02ce3a1bdc78

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 December 2023
                : 09 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULO ORIGINAL

                Patrones de la marcha,unidades de medición inercial,parámetros espacio-temporales de la marcha,plataforma BITalino,BTS G-Walk,Gait patterns,inertial measurement units,spatio-temporal gait features,BITalino platform

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