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      Estudio de los parámetros de la cabeza del nervio óptico en sujetos normales, hipertensos oculares y glaucomatosos obtenidos mediante láser confocal de barrido (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II) Translated title: Optic nerve head parameters as measured by confocal scanning laser (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II) in normal, ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous subjects

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Comparar los parámetros del nervio óptico obtenidos mediante láser confocal en sujetos normales, hipertensos oculares y glaucomatosos y en los subgrupos de hipertensos clasificados según el aspecto papilar y la perimetría automatizada de longitud de onda corta (PALOC). Métodos: Se incluyeron 101 ojos de 101 sujetos normales, 247 ojos de 247 hipertensos oculares y 102 ojos de 102 glaucomatosos. Los sujetos fueron clasificados según la presión intraocular y resultados de la perimetría automatizada (PA). Se clasificó a los hipertensos en hipertensos oculares y glaucomas preperimétricos, y en hipertensos oculares con PALOC normal e hipertensos con PALOC alterada. Se realizó evaluación papilar, PA y PALOC y un estudio mediante láser confocal Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II obteniendo los valores de las variables topográficas del nervio, que fueron comparados entre los grupos, así como entre cada subgrupo de hipertensos y el grupo de sujetos normales y glaucomatosos. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) entre normales y glaucomatosos en todos los parámetros excepto área papilar (2,23/2,1), variación de altura de contorno (0,41/0,39) y variabilidad media (0,05/0,04). Los hipertensos mostraron solapamiento de resultados respecto a controles y glaucomatosos, no hubo diferencias entre hipertensos y controles en grosor de capa de fibras (0,24/0,24) o entre hipertensos y glaucomas en profundidad media de excavación (0,28/0,3). Sin embargo, la división de hipertensos según el aspecto papilar o sus resultados en la PALOC mejoró la capacidad de discriminación entre grupos. Conclusiones: El HRT proporciona moderada capacidad de discriminación entre sujetos normales, hipertensos oculares y glaucomatosos. Otras herramientas (como la PALOC) mejoran la capacidad discriminatoria del HRT.

          Translated abstract

          Purpose: To compare the optic nerve parameters measured by confocal scanning laser in normal, ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous eyes; and in groups of ocular hypertensive eyes, classification of these according to the optic nerve appearance and to short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) results. Methods: 101 eyes of 101 normal subjects, 247 eyes of 247 ocular hypertensive subjects and 102 eyes of 102 glaucomatous subjects were studied. Subjects were classified based on intraocular pressure and standard automated perimetry (AP) performance. Hypertensive subjects were classified into ocular hypertensive and preperimetric glaucoma, and into ocular hypertensive with normal SWAP and hypertensive with pathological SWAP findings. Every patient underwent evaluation of the optic nerve, AP, SWAP and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT II), resulting in the acquisition of topographic parameters of the optic nerve, which were then compared between the different groups. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between normal subjects and glaucomatous eyes in all optic nerve parameters except disc area (2.23/2.1), height variation contour (0.41/0.39) and average variability (0.05/0.04). Ocular hypertensive eyes showed an overlap when compared with normal and glaucoma groups. No differences were found between normal subjects and those with ocular hypertension in mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (0.24/0.24) or between those with ocular hypertension and glaucoma in mean cup depth (0.28/0.3). Nevertheless, when those with ocular hypertension were segregated based on clinical evaluation of optic nerve or SWAP performance, the ability to define the presence of structural glaucoma damage improved significantly. Conclusions: HRT enables moderate discrimination between normal, ocular hypertensive and glaucoma subjects. The use of diagnostic tests to detect early glaucomatous damage (such as short-wavelength automated perimetry) in ocular hypertensive eyes improves the ability of HRT to discriminate glaucoma.

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          Most cited references38

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          Identification of early glaucoma cases with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

          This study aimed to define the confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph [HRT]) parameters that best separate patients with early glaucoma from normal subjects. A cross-sectional study. A total of 80 normal subjects and 51 patients with early glaucoma participated (average visual field mean deviation = -3.6 dB). Imaging of the optic nerve head with the HRT and analysis using software version 1.11 were performed. The relation between neuroretinal rim area and optic disc area, and cup-disc area ratio and optic disc area, was defined by linear regression of data derived from the normal subjects. The normal ranges for these two parameters were defined by the 99% prediction intervals of the linear regression between the parameter and optic disc area, for the whole disc, and for each of the predefined segments. Normal subjects and patients were labeled as abnormal if the parameter for either the whole disc or any of the predefined segments was outside the normal range. The sensitivity and specificity values of the method were calculated. The highest specificity (96.3%) and sensitivity (84.3%) values to separate normal subjects and those patients with early glaucoma were obtained using the 99% prediction interval from the linear regression between the optic disc area and the log of the neuroretinal rim area. Similar specificity (97.5%) and lower sensitivity (74.5%) values were obtained with the 99% prediction interval derived from regression between the disc area and cup-disc area ratios. Poor separation between groups was obtained with the other parameters. The HRT, using the technique of linear regression to account for the relationship between optic disc size and rim area or cup-disc area ratio, provides good separation between control subjects and patients with early glaucoma in this population.
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            Initial glaucomatous optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities and their progression.

            We attempted to identify the initial glaucomatous changes of the optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer and to analyze how these changes subsequently progressed. Of 61 eyes of 61 patients with ocular hypertension, 23 (38%) developed glaucoma during ten years of follow-up (range, five to 15 years). The initial sign of glaucomatous damage was diffuse enlargement of the optic disk cup in ten of 23 eyes or generalized thinning of the nerve fiber layer without localized changes in 12 of 23 eyes. We found localized optic disk damage in ten of 23 patients and localized retinal nerve fiber layer damage in 11 of 23 patients alone or in combination with diffuse damage. In 13 of 23 eyes, the cupping ended up in diffuse enlargement with even more profound thinning of the neural rim in the upper and lower temporal disk margins. There seems to be great variability in the appearance and progression of the initial glaucomatous optic disk and nerve fiber layer abnormalities in patients with increased intraocular pressure.
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              Ability of the heidelberg retina tomograph to detect early glaucomatous visual field loss.

              The Heidleberg Retina Tomograph provides rapid, reproducible measurements of optic disc topography as well as calculations of disc parameters. We used a stepwise discriminant analysis to determine which parameters were most useful in detecting individuals with early glaucomatous visual field loss. We studied one eye in each of 45 normal individuals and one eye in each of 46 individuals with early glaucomatous visual field loss. The appearance of the optic disc was not used for classification purposes so as not to bias the diagnostic determination obtained by the instrument. The data were analyzed using the reference plane of the software version 1.10 and using a method incorporating the height of the papillomacular bundle as reference level with and without age correction. We obtained an 89% sensitivity and 78% specificity for the detection of early visual field loss using the standard reference level. The jackknife classification revealed lower sensitivity of 87% and an unchanged specificity of 78%. With the method incorporating the height of the papillomacular bundle as reference level, the sensitivity was 87% and the specificity was 84% for detecting early visual field loss. The jackknife classification revealed a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 82%. With the age correction, the sensitivity was 87%, specificity 84% with regular and jackknife classification. With the standard reference level, the important parameters were the third moment and the maximum depth, with the papillomacular bundle reference level volume above reference level added as important, and with age correction, height variation in contour replaced maximum depth in the analysis. Three significant shape parameters of the optic disc can be used to detect early glaucomatous visual field loss.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aseo
                Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología
                Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol
                Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (, , Spain )
                0365-6691
                July 2008
                : 83
                : 7
                : 407-415
                Affiliations
                [02] Madrid orgnameHospital Clínico San Carlos España
                [01] Zaragoza orgnameHospital Universitario Miguel Servet España
                [03] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Esperanza de Barcelona España
                Article
                S0365-66912008000700004
                10.4321/s0365-66912008000700004
                e91dee92-c1f4-468d-9a10-8ade39c4a0d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 June 2008
                : 11 May 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Glaucoma,diagnóstico,HRT,nervio óptico,diagnosis,optic nerve head

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