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      Duas faces do poder Translated title: Les deux faces du pouvoir Translated title: Two faces of power

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          Abstract

          Este artigo apresenta duas concepções de poder, a partir do exame e da crítica de duas tradições de pesquisa. A tradição sociológica, que originou a corrente elitista, postula a existência do poder nas comunidades; a tradição politológica, que originou a corrente pluralista, questiona a existência de elites dirigentes em comunidades e instituições. O artigo argumenta que a tradição elitista postula o que deve ser provado, ao passo que a pluralista está correta em investigar se há de fato grupos governantes nas sociedades, mas sua abordagem é restrita e deixa de lado um aspecto essencial da questão. Assim, os autores do artigo argumentam que, anteriormente à face visível do poder, manifestada pelos indivíduos e grupos que tomam efetivamente as decisões (ou que impõem os vetos), os pesquisadores devem prestar atenção à face invisível do poder. Essa outra face consiste na capacidade que indivíduos ou grupos têm de controlar ou manipular os valores sociais e políticos (isto é, de "mobilizar vieses"), impedindo que temas potencialmente perigosos para seus interesses e perspectivas sejam objeto de discussão e deliberação pública.

          Translated abstract

          Cet article présente deux conceptions de pouvoir, à partir de l'analyse et de la critique de deux traditions de recherche. La tradition sociologique, qui est à l'origine du mouvement élitiste, demande l'existence du pouvoir dans les communautés ; la tradition politologue, qui est à l'origine du mouvement pluraliste, questionne l'existence d'élites dirigeantes dans des communautés et institutions. L'article argumente que la tradition élitiste demande ce qui doit être prouvé, tandis que la pluraliste est correcte d'enquêter s'il y a en effet des groupes gouvernants dans les sociétés, mais son approche est restreinte et néglige un aspect essentiel de la question. Ainsi, les auteurs de l'article argumentent que, précédemment à la face visible du pouvoir, manifestée par les individus et les groupes qui prennent les décisions en effet (ou qui imposent les vétos), les rechercheurs doivent faire attention à la face invisible du pouvoir. Cet autre aspect serait la capacité que les individus (ou les groupes), ont de contrôler ou manipuler les valeurs sociales et politiques (c'est à dire, de "mobiliser les directions"), en empêchant que des thèmes potentiellement dangereux à leurs intérêts et des perspectives, soient l'objet de discussion et délibération publique.

          Translated abstract

          This article discusses two conceptions of power, through the examination and critique of two research traditions. The sociological tradition, in which elitist current originates, postulates the existence of power within communities; the politological tradition, which generates the pluralist current, questions the existence of elites who direct communities and institutions. We argue that the postulates of the elite tradition must be proven; the pluralist current, on the other hand, is correct in inquiring into whether there are in fact ruling groups within society, yet the approach is restrictive and neglects an essential aspect of the issue. Thus, the authors argue that it is even more important for researchers - before going on to look at the visible face of power in the individuals and groups that make decisions (or impose vetoes) - to pay attention to its invisible face. This other face refers to individual or group ability to control or manipulate social and political values (that is, to "mobilize biases"), keeping topics that are a potential threat to their interests and perspectives from becoming the object of public discussion and deliberation.

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          Most cited references21

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          A Critique of the Ruling Elite Model.

          A great many people seem to believe that “they” run things: the old families, the bankers, the City Hall machine, or the party boss behind the scene. This kind of view evidently has a powerful and many-sided appeal. It is simple, compelling, dramatic, “realistic.” It gives one standing as an inside-dopester. For individuals with a strong strain of frustrated idealism, it has just the right touch of hard-boiled cynicism. Finally, the hypothesis has one very great advantage over many alternative explanations: It can be cast in a form that makes it virtually impossible to disprove.
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            • Record: found
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            The Semisovereign People: A Realists View of Democracy in America

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              Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                s_rsocp
                Revista de Sociologia e Política
                Rev. Sociol. Polit.
                Universidade Federal do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                0104-4478
                October 2011
                : 19
                : 40
                : 149-157
                Article
                S0104-44782011000300011 S0104-4478(11)01904000011
                10.1590/S0104-44782011000300011
                e9971827-418c-4092-a780-6466084f0426

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 March 2011
                : 15 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

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                Texto Fundamental

                mobilization of bias,le pouvoir,le pluralisme,l'élitisme,la non-décision,la mobilisation de directions,l'élite dirigeante,power,pluralism,elitism,non-decisions,ruling elites,poder,pluralismo,elitismo,não-decisão,mobilização de viés,elite dirigente

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