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      Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon ( Compositae ) have distinct but complex histories and both have been placed in a number of tribes across the family. For the first time the two genera are included in a molecular study and the results show that they are best placed in the tribe Mutisieae s.s. and are the only genera in the re-instated subtribe Adenocaulinae . When described, this subtribe contained only Adenocaulon and was found in the Inuleae . The study also confirms one of the conclusions of a recent morphological study that Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon are sister taxa. Past difficulties in tribal assignment are attributed to the distinct and unusual morphology of each genus. Both genera and the subtribe are described and a key to separate the genera is provided.

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          The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: major clades of the Asteraceae revealed.

          José Panero, Vicki A. Funk (2008)
          The largest family of flowering plants Asteraceae (Compositae) is found to contain 12 major lineages rather than five as previously suggested. Five of these lineages heretofore had been circumscribed in tribe Mutisieae (Cichorioideae), a taxon shown by earlier molecular studies to be paraphyletic and to include some of the deepest divergences of the family. Combined analyses of 10 chloroplast DNA loci by different phylogenetic methods yielded highly congruent well-resolved trees with 95% of the branches receiving moderate to strong statistical support. Our strategy of sampling genera identified by morphological studies as anomalous, supported by broader character sampling than previous studies, resulted in identification of several novel clades. The generic compositions of subfamilies Carduoideae, Gochnatioideae, Hecastocleidoideae, Mutisioideae, Pertyoideae, Stifftioideae, and Wunderlichioideae are novel in Asteraceae systematics and the taxonomy of the family has been revised to reflect only monophyletic groups. Our results contradict earlier hypotheses that early divergences in the family took place on and spread from the Guayana Highlands (Pantepui Province of northern South America) and raise new hypotheses about how Asteraceae dispersed out of the continent of their origin. Several nodes of this new phylogeny illustrate the vast differential in success of sister lineages suggesting focal points for future study of species diversification. Our results also provide a backbone exemplar of Asteraceae for supertree construction.
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            A chloroplast DNA inversion marks an ancient evolutionary split in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

            David R. J. Palmer, Sepp R Jansen (1987)
            We determined the distribution of a chloroplast DNA inversion among 80 species representing 16 tribes of the Asteraceae and 10 putatively related families. Filter hybridizations using cloned chloroplast DNA restriction fragments of lettuce and petunia revealed that this 22-kilobase-pair inversion is shared by 57 genera, representing all tribes of the Asteraceae, but is absent from the subtribe Barnadesiinae of the tribe Mutisieae, as well as from all families allied to the Asteraceae. The inversion thus defines an ancient evolutionary split within the family and suggests that the Barnadesiinae represents the most primitive lineage in the Asteraceae. These results also indicate that the tribe Mutisieae is not monophyletic, since any common ancestor to its four subtribes is also shared by other tribes in the family. This is the most extensive survey of the systematic distribution of an organelle DNA rearrangement and demonstrates the potential of such mutations for resolving phylogenetic relationships at higher taxonomic levels.
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              Notes on the Classification, History, and Geographical Distribution of Compositae.

              George Bentham (1873)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PhytoKeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PhytoKeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PhytoKeys
                Title: PhytoKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1314-2011
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2003
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 February 2016
                Issue: 60
                Pages: 1-19
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Botany, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
                [2 ]Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                [3 ]Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, Sayago, Montevideo, CP, 12900, Uruguay
                [4 ]División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, CP 1900, La Plata, Argentina
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Vicki A. Funk ( funkv@ 123456si.edu )

                Academic editor: A. Sennikov

                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.60.6795
                PMC ID: 4816987
                PubMed ID: 27081341
                SO-VID: e9a55dc8-303f-41b2-bf18-0404a6b7ed1a
                Copyright © Vicki A. Funk, Eduardo Pasini, J. Mauricio Bonifacino, Liliana Katinas
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 7 October 2015
                Date accepted : 30 November 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: asteraceae,dimorphic flowers,endemism,patagonia,asia-north america disjunct,plantae,asterales
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: asteraceae, dimorphic flowers, endemism, patagonia, asia-north america disjunct, plantae, asterales

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