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      Molecular analysis of Brazilian strains of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) reveals a deletion within the hypervariable region of the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein also found in human coronavirus OC43

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          Summary.

          Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes enteric and respiratory dis- orders in calves and dysentery in cows. In this study, 51 stool samples of calves from 10 Brazilian dairy farms were analysed by an RT-PCR that amplifies a 488-bp fragment of the hypervariable region of the spike glycoprotein gene. Maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using sequences from 15 field strains studied here and 10 sequences from GenBank and bredavirus as an outgroup virus showed the existence of two major clusters (1 and 2) in this viral species, the Brazilian strains segregating in both of them. The mean nucleotide identity between the 15 Brazilian strains was 98.34%, with a mean amino acid similarity of 98%. Strains from cluster 2 showed a deletion of 6 amino acids inside domain II of the spike protein that was also found in human coronavirus strain OC43, supporting the recent proposal of a zoonotic spill- over of BCoV. These results contribute to the molecular characterization of BCoV, to the prediction of the efficiency of immunogens, and to the definition of molecular markers useful for epidemiologic surveys on coronavirus-caused diseases.

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          BioEdit: A user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analisys program for Windows 85/98/NT

          A. Hall T, T.A. Hall, TA HALL … (1999)
          Article 0 comments Cited 251 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion.

            Hélène Jacomy, Marc Desforges, Nick P. Talbot … (2004)
            The complete genome sequences of the human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) laboratory strain from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and a HCoV-OC43 clinical isolate, designated Paris, were obtained. Both genomes are 30,713 nucleotides long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and only differ by 6 nucleotides. These six mutations are scattered throughout the genome and give rise to only two amino acid substitutions: one in the spike protein gene (I958F) and the other in the nucleocapsid protein gene (V81A). Furthermore, the two variants were shown to reach the central nervous system (CNS) after intranasal inoculation in BALB/c mice, demonstrating neuroinvasive properties. Even though the ATCC strain could penetrate the CNS more effectively than the Paris 2001 isolate, these results suggest that intrinsic neuroinvasive properties already existed for the HCoV-OC43 ATCC human respiratory isolate from the 1960s before it was propagated in newborn mouse brains. It also demonstrates that the molecular structure of HCoV-OC43 is very stable in the environment (the two variants were isolated ca. 40 years apart) despite virus shedding and chances of persistence in the host. The genomes of the two HCoV-OC43 variants display 71, 53.1, and 51.2% identity with those of mouse hepatitis virus A59, severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus Tor2 strain (SARS-HCoV Tor2), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), respectively. HCoV-OC43 also possesses well-conserved motifs with regard to the genome sequence of the SARS-HCoV Tor2, especially in open reading frame 1b. These results suggest that HCoV-OC43 and SARS-HCoV may share several important functional properties and that HCoV-OC43 may be used as a model to study the biology of SARS-HCoV without the need for level three biological facilities.
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              Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves.

              Rosemary Menzies, H Snodgrass, Graham Sherwood … (1986)
              Faeces samples were collected from 302 untreated calves on the day of onset of diarrhoea and from 49 healthy calves at 32 farms experiencing outbreaks of diarrhoea. At least four diarrhoeic calves were sampled on each farm, and samples were examined for rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella species. Although all these enteropathogens were excreted more frequently by the diarrhoeic than by the healthy calves, the difference was significant overall only for rotavirus. Rotavirus was excreted by 18 per cent of healthy calves, coronavirus by 4 per cent, cryptosporidium by 14 per cent, and no enterotoxigenic E coli or Salmonella species were detected. The most common enteropathogen in diarrhoeic calves was rotavirus, which was excreted by more than half the diarrhoeic calves on 18 farms. Coronavirus was excreted at a similar high prevalence on one farm, cryptosporidium on five farms and enterotoxigenic E coli on three farms. Concurrent infection with two or more microorganisms occurred in 15 per cent of diarrhoeic calves. There was no difference in the isolation rate of campylobacters between diarrhoeic and healthy calves.
              Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Virol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch. Virol
                Title: Archives of Virology
                Publisher: Springer-Verlag (Vienna )
                ISSN (Print): 0304-8608
                ISSN (Electronic): 1432-8798
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 April 2006
                Publication date (Print): 2006
                Volume: 151
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 1735-1748
                Affiliations
                [ ]GRID grid.11899.38, ISNI 0000000419370722, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, ; São Paulo, Brazil
                [ ]GRID grid.419041.9, ISNI 0000000115471081, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, ; São Paulo, Brazil
                [ ]Coronavirus Research Group, São Paulo, Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: 752
                DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0752-9
                PMC ID: 7086848
                PubMed ID: 16583154
                SO-VID: e9bc22c2-5bbf-4c25-bddc-cc7908b52873
                Copyright © © Springer-Verlag 2006
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 18 April 2005
                Date accepted : 27 February 2006
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer-Verlag 2006

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hypervariable region,spike protein,brazilian strain,spike glycoprotein,feline infectious peritonitis virus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: hypervariable region, spike protein, brazilian strain, spike glycoprotein, feline infectious peritonitis virus

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