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      INDUCCIÓN DE RESISTENCIA SISTÉMICA CONTRA Fusarium oxysporum EN TOMATE POR Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 Translated title: Induced Systemic Resistance Against Fusarium oxysporum In Tomato By Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003

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          Abstract

          Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 ha mostrado alta eficacia en el control de diferentes fitopatógenos incluyendo Fusarium oxysporum, agente causal de la pudrición del cuello y la raíz del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.). Con el propósito de estudiar si este agente tiene la capacidad para inducir respuestas sistémicas de defensa, se utilizó como patosistema modelo Fusarium oxysporum -tomate, cuyas plantas se establecieron en cubos de enraizamiento con el sistema radical separado en dos porciones. Cuando Th003 se inoculó en una porción de la raíz 96 h antes de inocular en la otra porción F. oxysporum, se presentó un retraso de la colonización del fitopatógeno en el sistema vascular de la planta, en comparación con las plantas inoculadas solamente con el fitopatógeno. Este resultado sugiere que Th003 estimuló respuestas sistémicas de defensa en la planta, dado que el antagonista y el fitopatógeno permanecieron separados espacialmente. El microorganismo biocontrolador formulado como gránulos dispersables, se aplicó en un cultivo comercial de tomate bajo invernadero y redujo significativamente la incidencia de la pudrición del cuello y las raíces del tomate en 35%, en comparación con el testigo absoluto. El hongo T. koningiopsis Th003 demostró habilidad para controlar F. oxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici mediante inducción de respuestas de defensa sistémica en las plantas de tomate.

          Translated abstract

          Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 has proved to be an efficient biocontrol agent of different plant pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum, causing agent of tomato crown and root rot. With the aim to studying whether Th003 has the ability to induce defense systemic responses to control Fusarium oxysporum infection, tomato plants (Solanumlycopersicum Mill.) were sown in pots using split root modified method. When Th003 was applied to one root portion 96 h before inoculating F. oxysporum in the other root portion, delayed colonization of the plant's vascular system was observed as compared with plants inoculated only with the pathogen. Since the antagonist and the pathogen remained spatially separated in the host, the protection effect in plants was attributed to a systemic activity induced by Th003. In a commercial greenhouse the biopesticide based upon Th003 reduced significantly (P<0.05) by 35% the incidence of crown and root rot caused >F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, compared with untreated control. T. koningiopsis Th003 showed ability to control F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici by inducing systemic defense responses in tomato plants.

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          Most cited references21

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          Commercialization and implementation of biocontrol.

          Although the number of biocontrol products is increasing, these products still represent only about 1% of agricultural chemical sales. Yet these are important contributions because biocontrol agents offer disease management alternatives with different mechanisms of action than chemical pesticides. Trends in research include the increased use of biorational screening processes to identify microorganisms with potential for biocontrol, increased testing under semicommercial and commercial production conditions, increased emphasis on combining biocontrol strains with each other and with other control methods, integrating biocontrol into an overall system.
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            Understanding the Mechanisms Employed by Trichoderma virens to Effect Biological Control of Cotton Diseases.

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              Induced Resistance by Penicillium oxalicum Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: Histological Studies of Infected and Induced Tomato Stems.

              ABSTRACT Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants of 'Lorena' were induced with a conidial suspension (10(7) conidia per ml) of Penicillium oxalicum before inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. Histological changes occurred in plants under both growth chamber and glasshouse culture conditions and there was a reduction of disease severity. In noninduced plants, the pathogen produced almost a complete loss of cambium (75 to 100% reduction), an increase in the number of bundles, and a decrease in the number of xylem vessels (20% reduction), in which the diameter also was reduced by 20 to 30% in hypocotyls and epicotyls. The percentage of vessels colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was positively correlated to the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). However, plants induced with P. oxalicum showed less disease, did not lose the cambium, had a lower number of bundles, and had less vascular colonization by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (35 to 99%). These effects also were observed in 'Precodor', which is susceptible to races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and partially in 'Ramón', which is resistant to both races. Renewed or prolonged cambial activity that led to the formation of additional secondary xylem could be one of the reasons for disease reduction in P. oxalicum-induced tomato plants.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abc
                Acta Biológica Colombiana
                Acta biol.Colomb.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología (Bogotá )
                0120-548X
                December 2009
                : 14
                : 3
                : 111-120
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Colombia
                Article
                S0120-548X2009000300008
                eab71aac-c5ec-4fd1-b367-520374f646ea

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-548X&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                Induced systemic resistance,tomato,Fusarium oxysporum,Trichoderma koningiopsis,resistencia sistémica inducida,tomate

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