Antiretroviral treatment interruption among people living with HIV during COVID‐19 outbreak in China: a nationwide cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Introduction

Social disruption associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) threatens to impede access to regular healthcare, including for people living with HIV (PLHIV), potentially resulting in antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI). We aimed to explore the characteristics and factors associated with ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak in China.

Methods

We conducted an online survey among PLHIV by convenience sampling through social media between 5‐17 February 2020. Respondents were asked to report whether they were at risk of ATI (i.e., experienced ATI, risk of imminent ATI, threatened but resolved risk of ATI [obtaining ART prior to interruption]) or were not at risk of ATI associated with the COVID‐19 outbreak. PLHIV were also asked to report perceived risk factors for ATI and sources of additional ART. Factors associated with risk of ATI were assessed using logistic regression. We also evaluated factors associated with experienced ATI.

Results

A total of 5084 PLHIV from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China completed the survey, with a response rate of 99.4%. Median age was 31 years (IQR 27‐37), 96.5% of participants were men, and 71.3% were men who had sex with men. Over one‐third (35.1%, 1782/5084) reported any risk of ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak, including 2.7% (135/5084) who experienced ATI, 18.0% (917/5084) at risk of imminent ATI, and 14.4% (730/5084) at threatened but resolved risk. PLHIV with ATI were more likely to have previous interruptions in ART (aOR 8.3, 95% CI 5.6‐12.3), traveled away from where they typically receive HIV care (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1‐4.5), stayed in an area that implemented citywide lockdowns or travel restrictions to control COVID‐19 (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4‐4.6), and be in permanent residence in a rural area (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3‐5.8).

Conclusions

A significant proportion of PLHIV in China are at risk of ATI during the COVID‐19 outbreak and some have already experienced ATI. Correlates of ATI and self‐reported barriers to ART suggest that social disruptions from COVID‐19 have contributed to ATI. Our findings demonstrate an urgent need for policies and interventions to maintain access to HIV care during public health emergencies.