Nutrition and Liver Disease

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Abstract

Malnutrition in children and adults with advanced liver disease represents a tremendous challenge as the nutritional problems are multifactorial. This Editorial comments the articles appearing in this special issue of Nutrients, “Nutrition and Liver disease” dealing with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic features that relate the outcomes of liver disease to nutrition. To improve quality of life and prevent nutrition-related medical complications, patients diagnosed with advanced liver disease should have their nutritional status promptly assessed and be supported by appropriate dietary interventions. Furthermore specific food supplements and/or restriction diets are often necessary for those with hepatic conditions associated with an underlying metabolic or nutritional or intestinal disease.

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Most cited references 31

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Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Stephan Vavricka, Alain Schoepfer, Michael Scharl … (2015)

Article first published online 2 July 2015

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The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Consensus.

Piero Amodio, Chantal Bemeur, Roger Butterworth … (2013)

Nitrogen metabolism plays a major role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis. Modulation of this relationship is key to the management of HE, but is not the only nutritional issue that needs to be addressed. The assessment of nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis is problematic. In addition, there are significant sex-related differences in body composition and in the characteristics of tissue loss, which limit the usefulness of techniques based on measures of muscle mass and function in women. Techniques that combine subjective and objective variables provide reasonably accurate information and are recommended. Energy and nitrogen requirements in patients with HE are unlikely to differ substantially from those recommended in patients with cirrhosis per se viz. 35-45 kcal/g and 1.2-1.5g/kg protein daily. Small meals evenly distributed throughout the day and a late-night snack of complex carbohydrates will help minimize protein utilization. Compliance is, however, likely to be a problem. Diets rich in vegetables and dairy protein may be beneficial and are therefore recommended, but tolerance varies considerably in relation to the nature of the staple diet. Branched chain amino acid supplements may be of value in the occasional patient intolerant of dietary protein. Increasing dietary fiber may be of value, but the utility of probiotics is, as yet, unclear. Short-term multivitamin supplementation should be considered in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis. Hyponatremia may worsen HE; it should be prevented as far as possible and should always be corrected slowly.

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Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): Quo vadis?

Romain Peanne, Jaak Jaeken, Gert Matthijs … (2017)

The survey summarizes in its first part the current status of knowledge on the Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) with regard to their phenotypic spectrum, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and pathophysiology. It documents the clinical and basic research activities, and efforts to involve patients and their families. In the second part, it tries to look into the future of CDG. More specific biomarkers are needed for fast CDG diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Whole genome sequencing will play an increasingly important role in the molecular diagnosis of unsolved CDG. Epigenetic defects are expected to join the rapidly expanding genetic and allelic heterogeneity of the CDG family. Novel treatments are urgently needed particularly for PMM2-CDG, the most prevalent CDG. Patient services such as apps should be developed e.g. to document the natural history and monitor treatment. Networking (EURO-CDG, the European Reference Networks (MetabERN)) is an efficient tool to disseminate knowledge and boost collaboration at all levels. The final goal is of course to improve the quality of life of the patients and their families.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients

Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients

Title: Nutrients

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643

Publication date (Electronic): 23 December 2017

Publication date Collection: January 2018

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 9

Affiliations

[1 ]Pediatrics, Santobono - Pausilipon Pediatric Hospital, 80100 Naples, Italy; cla.mandato@ 123456gmail.com

[2 ]Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Pediatrics Section, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy; antonelladinuzzi@ 123456gmail.com

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: pvajro@ 123456unisa.it ; Tel.: +39-339-2361-008

Article

Publisher ID: nutrients-10-00009

DOI: 10.3390/nu10010009

PMC ID: 5793237

PubMed ID: 29295475

SO-VID: ec030335-5357-4429-b51e-27ea29162a9a

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Nutrition and Liver Disease

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Abstract

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 31

Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism Consensus.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): Quo vadis?

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