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      LIFESTYLE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS HAVE GREATER ASSOCIATIONS WITH STEPS/DAY IN BOYS THAN IN GIRLS Translated title: INDICADORES DE ESTILO DE VIDA E ANTROPOMÉTRICOS POSSUEM MAIORES ASSOCIAÇÕES COM PASSOS/DIA NOS MENINOS DO QUE NAS MENINAS: ISCOLE BRASIL

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To verify the association of lifestyle, anthropometric, sociodemographic, family and school environment indicators with the number of steps/day in children.

          Methods:

          The sample consisted of 334 children (171 boys) from nine to 11 years old. Participants used the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer to monitor the number of steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) for seven consecutive days. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat were also measured. Lifestyle indicators such as diet, environment, neighborhood, and parental schooling level were obtained with questionnaires. For the identification of variables associated to the number of steps/day, multiple linear regression models were used.

          Results:

          The mean steps/day of boys and girls were statistically different (10,471 versus 8,573; p<001). Among boys, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.777), ST (β=-0.131), BMI (β=-0.135), WC (β=-0.117), and BF (β=-0.127). Among girls, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.837), ST (β=-0.112), and parents’ educational level (β=0.129).

          Conclusions:

          Lifestyle indicators, body composition variables and parental educational level influence the number of steps/day of children, and MVPA and ST are common for both sexes.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Verificar a associação dos indicadores de estilo de vida, antropométricos, sociodemográficos, ambiente familiar e escolar com a quantidade de passos/dia em crianças.

          Métodos:

          A amostra constituiu-se de 334 crianças (171 meninos) de 9 a 11 anos. Os participantes utilizaram o acelerômetro Actigraph GT3X para monitorar a quantidade de passos/dia, a atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) e o tempo sedentário (TS) durante sete dias consecutivos. Estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência de cintura (CC) e gordura corporal também foram mensurados. Indicadores de estilo de vida, como dieta, ambiente, vizinhança e nível de escolaridade dos pais, foram obtidos por questionários. Para identificar as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia, utilizaram-se modelos de regressão linear múltipla.

          Resultados:

          As médias de passos/dia dos meninos e das meninas foram estatisticamente diferentes (10.471 versus 8.573; p<0,001). Nos meninos, as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia foram: AFMV (β=0,777), TS (β=-0,131), IMC (β=-0,135), CC (β=-0,117) e gordura corporal (β=-0,127). Já entre as meninas, as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia foram: AFMV (β=0,837), TS (β=-0,112) e nível educacional dos pais (β=0,129).

          Conclusões:

          Indicadores de estilo de vida, variáveis de composição corporal e nível educacional dos pais influenciaram a quantidade de passos/dia das crianças. A AFMV e o TS foram comuns para ambos os sexos.

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          Most cited references39

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          Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants

          Insufficient physical activity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and has a negative effect on mental health and quality of life. We describe levels of insufficient physical activity across countries, and estimate global and regional trends.
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            Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents

            OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.
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              An ecological approach to creating active living communities.

              The thesis of this article is that multilevel interventions based on ecological models and targeting individuals, social environments, physical environments, and policies must be implemented to achieve population change in physical activity. A model is proposed that identifies potential environmental and policy influences on four domains of active living: recreation, transport, occupation, and household. Multilevel research and interventions require multiple disciplines to combine concepts and methods to create new transdisciplinary approaches. The contributions being made by a broad range of disciplines are summarized. Research to date supports a conclusion that there are multiple levels of influence on physical activity, and the active living domains are associated with different environmental variables. Continued research is needed to provide detailed findings that can inform improved designs of communities, transportation systems, and recreation facilities. Collaborations with policy researchers may improve the likelihood of translating research findings into changes in environments, policies, and practices.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                rpp
                Revista Paulista de Pediatria
                Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo
                0103-0582
                1984-0462
                14 December 2020
                2021
                : 39
                : e2019413
                Affiliations
                [a ]Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Discipline, Pediatrics Departament, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [b ]Laboratory of Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
                [c ]Center for research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
                [d ]Study Center of the Physical Fitness Laboratory of São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil.
                [e ]Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. E-mail: gersonferrari08@ 123456yahoo.com.br (G. Ferrari).

                The authors declare there is no conflict of interests.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-741X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-6576
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-1119
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-0861
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-3916
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-6022
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-486X
                Article
                00449
                10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019413
                7737247
                33331546
                ec8bab3e-4590-4d62-9679-791245dd0f80

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 26 December 2019
                : 24 April 2020
                : 04 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 10, Equations: 0, References: 30
                Categories
                Original Article

                motor activity,lifestyle,body composition,public health,pediatrics,students,atividade motora,estilo de vida,composição corporal,saúde pública,pediatria,estudantes

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