4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Serovariedades de Leptospira y riesgos de contagio en humanos y perros de la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México Translated title: Leptospira serovars and of contagion risks in humans and dogs from Culiacan City, in Sinaloa, Mexico

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          RESUMEN La leptospirosis es la zoonosis más difundida en el mundo, en México es un padecimiento de notificación obligatoria, se relaciona al perro como el más importante en la transmisión al hombre. Para Identificar las serovariedades y factores de contagio en humanos y perros, se analizaron por la técnica de aglutinación microscópica (MAT) 247 muestras de suero humano de bancos de sangre. Mediante una encuesta epidemilógica, se obtuvieron datos relacionados al trabajo. Se recolectaron 106 muestras de sueros de perros, en domicilios de los humanos seropositivos analizándose por MAT. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji cuadrada de Pearson; las estimaciones de OR fueron realizadas utilizando un modelo de regresión logística simple, mediante el programa Stata Intercooled versión 13.1. En los humanos se detectaron anticuerpos antileptospira para cinco serovariedades, Canicola, Icterohaemorragiae, Pyrogenes, Autumnalis, Pomona. En los perros se identificaron anticuerpos contra once serovariedades; Wolffi, Bratislava, Australis, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Icterohaemorragiae, Pomona, Hebdomadis y Shermani. Todas las serovariedades probadas en los caninos se observaron en humanos. Los factores de riesgo asociados para los seres humanos, fue su ocupación laboral p<0.05. Para los perros las hembras tuvieron mayor riesgo (p<0.05; OR= 2.9). En humanos y caninos hubo anticuerpos antileptospira, en total 12 serovariedades.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This work aimed to identify the Leptospira interrogans serovar and the risk factors in humans and dogs in shared areas, 247 samples of human serum, were analyzed by the Micro Agglutination technique (MAT), prior informed consent from public hospital blood banks. To obtain information from the participants regarding the presence of dogs a survey was used. A total of 106 dog sera samples were collected inside and outside the homes of seropositive humans and analyzed by MAT. The statistical analysis consisted of a Pearson's Chi square test of homogeneity. The OR estimation was made using a simple logistic regression model using the Stata Intercooled version 13.1 program. Five serovars were detected in humans; from the highest to the lowest frequency, these were: Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Autumnalis, and Pomona. Eleven serovars were identified in dogs: Wolffi, Bratislava, Australis, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hebdomadis, and Shermani. All the serovar present in dogs were also observed in humans, the serovariety Autumnalis is not included in the dog search panel. The main risk factor for humans was job occupation (p <0.05); in dogs, it was sex, with females being at greater risk (p<0.05, OR = 2.9) of infection. A total of 12 serovars were identified among humans and dogs.

          Related collections

          Most cited references56

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review

          Background Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, occurs in diverse epidemiological settings and affects vulnerable populations, such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Although leptospirosis is a life-threatening disease and recognized as an important cause of pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome, the lack of global estimates for morbidity and mortality has contributed to its neglected disease status. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a systematic review of published morbidity and mortality studies and databases to extract information on disease incidence and case fatality ratios. Linear regression and Monte Carlo modelling were used to obtain age and gender-adjusted estimates of disease morbidity for countries and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and WHO regions. We estimated mortality using models that incorporated age and gender-adjusted disease morbidity and case fatality ratios. The review identified 80 studies on disease incidence from 34 countries that met quality criteria. In certain regions, such as Africa, few quality assured studies were identified. The regression model, which incorporated country-specific variables of population structure, life expectancy at birth, distance from the equator, tropical island, and urbanization, accounted for a significant proportion (R2 = 0.60) of the variation in observed disease incidence. We estimate that there were annually 1.03 million cases (95% CI 434,000–1,750,000) and 58,900 deaths (95% CI 23,800–95,900) due to leptospirosis worldwide. A large proportion of cases (48%, 95% CI 40–61%) and deaths (42%, 95% CI 34–53%) were estimated to occur in adult males with age of 20–49 years. Highest estimates of disease morbidity and mortality were observed in GBD regions of South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, Caribbean, Andean, Central, and Tropical Latin America, and East Sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions/Significance Leptospirosis is among the leading zoonotic causes of morbidity worldwide and accounts for numbers of deaths, which approach or exceed those for other causes of haemorrhagic fever. Highest morbidity and mortality were estimated to occur in resource-poor countries, which include regions where the burden of leptospirosis has been underappreciated.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Leptospirosis in humans.

            Leptospirosis is a widespread and potentially fatal zoonosis that is endemic in many tropical regions and causes large epidemics after heavy rainfall and flooding. Infection results from direct or indirect exposure to infected reservoir host animals that carry the pathogen in their renal tubules and shed pathogenic leptospires in their urine. Although many wild and domestic animals can serve as reservoir hosts, the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the most important source of human infections. Individuals living in urban slum environments characterized by inadequate sanitation and poor housing are at high risk of rat exposure and leptospirosis. The global burden of leptospirosis is expected to rise with demographic shifts that favor increases in the number of urban poor in tropical regions subject to worsening storms and urban flooding due to climate change. Data emerging from prospective surveillance studies suggest that most human leptospiral infections in endemic areas are mild or asymptomatic. Development of more severe outcomes likely depends on three factors: epidemiological conditions, host susceptibility, and pathogen virulence (Fig. 1). Mortality increases with age, particularly in patients older than 60 years of age. High levels of bacteremia are associated with poor clinical outcomes and, based on animal model and in vitro studies, are related in part to poor recognition of leptospiral LPS by human TLR4. Patients with severe leptospirosis experience a cytokine storm characterized by high levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10. Patients with the HLA DQ6 allele are at higher risk of disease, suggesting a role for lymphocyte stimulation by a leptospiral superantigen. Leptospirosis typically presents as a nonspecific, acute febrile illness characterized by fever, myalgia, and headache and may be confused with other entities such as influenza and dengue fever. Newer diagnostic methods facilitate early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment. Patients progressing to multisystem organ failure have widespread hematogenous dissemination of pathogens. Nonoliguric (high output) renal dysfunction should be supported with fluids and electrolytes. When oliguric renal failure occurs, prompt initiation of dialysis can be life saving. Elevated bilirubin levels are due to hepatocellular damage and disruption of intercellular junctions between hepatocytes, resulting in leaking of bilirubin out of bile caniliculi. Hemorrhagic complications are common and are associated with coagulation abnormalities. Severe pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome due to extensive alveolar hemorrhage has a fatality rate of >50 %. Readers are referred to earlier, excellent summaries related to this subject (Adler and de la Peña-Moctezuma 2010; Bharti et al. 2003; Hartskeerl et al. 2011; Ko et al. 2009; Levett 2001; McBride et al. 2005).
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              The Characteristics of Wild Rat (Rattus spp.) Populations from an Inner-City Neighborhood with a Focus on Factors Critical to the Understanding of Rat-Associated Zoonoses

              Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) are among the most ubiquitous urban wildlife species and are the source of a number of zoonotic diseases responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in cities around the world. Rodent ecology is a primary determinant of the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in rodent populations and the risk of pathogen transmission to people, yet many studies of rat-associated zoonoses do not account for the ecological characteristics of urban rat populations. This hinders the development of an in-depth understanding of the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses, limits comparability among studies, and can lead to erroneous conclusions. We conducted a year-long trapping-removal study to describe the ecological characteristics of urban rat populations in an inner-city neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada. The study focused on factors that might influence the ecology of zoonotic pathogens in these populations and/or our understanding of that ecology. We found that rat population density varied remarkably over short geographical distances, which could explain observed spatial distributions of rat-associated zoonoses and have implications for sampling and data analysis during research and surveillance. Season appeared to influence rat population composition even within the urban environment, which could cause temporal variation in pathogen prevalence. Body mass and bite wounds, which are often used in epidemiologic analyses as simple proxies for age and aggression, were shown to be more complex than previously thought. Finally, we found that factors associated with trapping can determine the size and composition of sampled rat population, and thus influence inferences made about the source population. These findings may help guide future studies of rats and rat-associated zoonoses.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                av
                Abanico veterinario
                Abanico vet
                Sergio Martínez González (Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico )
                2007-428X
                2448-6132
                December 2020
                : 10
                : e130
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameServicios de Salud de Sinaloa orgdiv1Departamento de Prevención y Control de Vectores y Zoonosis México
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Mexico
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa orgdiv1Faculad de Química y Ciencias Biológicas Mexico
                [3] orgnameServicios de Salud de Sinaloa orgdiv1Atención Hospitalaria
                Article
                S2448-61322020000100130 S2448-6132(20)01000000130
                10.21929/abavet2020.40
                ece5c888-8a3d-4ad8-9db8-f01da0047b41

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 December 2020
                : 06 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                leptospirosis,Leptospira interrogans,prevalence,risk factors,humans,canines,leptospira,prevalencia,factores de riesgo,humanos,caninos

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content181

                Most referenced authors478