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      Distribución de epífitas vasculares sobre cuatro especies arbóreas en un bosque xerofítico del Chaco Húmedo, Argentina Translated title: Distribution of vascular epiphytes on four tree species in a xerophytic forest of the Wet Chaco, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Las epífitas aportan una gran diversidad específica y brindan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos en los bosques. En el Chaco Húmedo, los estudios sobre epífitas son muy escasos, por lo cual se realizó una descripción de la comunidad de epífitas vasculares de cuatro especies arbóreas deciduas representativas de un quebrachal de la Cuña Boscosa Santafesina. Dos especies pertenecen al estrato superior (Schinopsis balansae y Sideroxylon obtusifolium) y dos al inferior (Prosopis spp. y Acacia praecox). En invierno se seleccionaron al azar ocho individuos de cada especie y cada uno fue dividido en cuatro zonas (Zona I-II: tronco principal; Zona III: bases de las ramas; Zona IV: parte media de las ramas; Zona V: ramas más finas). En cada zona se contaron e identificaron a nivel de especie todas las epífitas vasculares. En la Zona V se diferenciaron ramas vivas y secas. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente con modelos lineales generalizados mixtos y análisis multivariados. Se registraron 14 especies (nueve holoepífitas, dos facultativas y tres accidentales) de cuatro familias (Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Polypodiaceae y Anacardiaceae). La familia Bromeliaceae fue la más rica, con siete especies del género Tillandsia y Aechmea distichantha. La especie más abundante fue Tillandsia recurvata. Prosopis spp. tuvo la mayor abundancia de epífitas y S. obtusifolium la mayor riqueza. La Zona V tuvo mayor abundancia y riqueza de epífitas en promedio que las otras zonas. Se observaron diferencias cuantitativas entre forófitos en la composición de especies: A. distichantha y T. loliacea estuvieron asociadas positivamente con S. obtusifolium. Prosopis spp. tuvo mayor abundancia y riqueza de epífitas en ramas secas, y los forófitos del estrato superior, en ramas vivas. Las diferencias en abundancia, riqueza, composición específica y distribución vertical de epifitas entre forófitos podrían atribuirse a sus características morfológicas y a la variedad de microhábitats en el tronco y las ramas.

          Translated abstract

          In numerous forests, the vascular epiphytes contribute substantially to species diversity. Studies about vascular epiphytes in the Wet Chaco region are very scarce. We carried out a description of the epiphyte community in four deciduous tree species, representative of a quebrachal of the Cuña Boscosa Santafesina: two of them from the upper stratum (Schinopsis balansae and Sideroxylon obtusifolium) and two from the lower one (Acacia praecox and Prosopis spp.). Eight individuals of each tree species were selected, and each individual was divided in four zones (Zone I-II: main trunk; Zone III: basal branches; Zone IV: middle branches; Zone V: thinnest branches). For each zone, all the vascular epiphytes were counted and identified at species level. In Zone V, living and dead branches were differentiated. Data were analyzed with general linear mixed models and multivariate analysis. Fourteen species of vascular epiphytes were recorded (nine holoepiphytes, two facultative and three accidental epiphytic species) of four families (Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Polypodiaceae and Anacardiaceae). The richest family was Bromeliaceae, with seven species of the genus Tillandsia and Aechmea distichantha. The most abundant species was Tillandsia recurvata. Prosopis spp. had the highest abundance of epiphytes and S. obtusifolium the highest richness. Zone V had the highest average abundance and richness of vascular epiphytes. There were quantitative differences in species composition between phorophytes: A. distichantha and T. loliacea were positively associated with S. obtusifolium. Prosopis spp. had the highest abundance and richness in dead branches and the phorophytes of the upper stratum in the living ones. The differences in abundance, richness, specific composition and vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes between phorophytes could be attributed to their morphological characteristics and the microhabitats conditions in the trunk and branches.

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          Most cited references59

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          Diversity and Biogeography of Neotropical Vascular Epiphytes

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            Ecology of vascular epiphytes in West African rain forest

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              Epiphyte host preferences and host traits: mechanisms for species-specific interactions

              We investigated species-specific relationships among two species of vascular epiphytes and ten host tree species in a coastal plain forest in the southeastern United States. The epiphytes Tillandsia usneoides and Polypodium polypodioides were highly associated with particular host species in the field, but host traits that favored colonization were inadequate to fully explain the epiphyte-host associations for either epiphyte. Field transplant experiments that bypassed epiphyte colonization demonstrated that the growth of epiphytes was significantly higher on host tree species that naturally bore high epiphyte loads than on host species with few or no epiphytes. These species-specific relationships were highly correlated with the water-holding capacity of the host tree's bark. Positive and negative effects of throughfall, light attenuation by the canopy, and bark stability did not explain the overall patterns of host specificity, but did correlate with some epiphyte-host species relationships. The relative importance of particular host traits differed between the "atmospheric epiphyte" Tillandsia, and the fern Polypodium, which roots in the bark of its hosts. Species-specific interactions among plants, such as those described here, suggest that communities are more than individualistic assemblages of co-occurring species.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ecoaus
                Ecología austral
                Ecol. austral
                Asociación Argentina de Ecología (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1667-782X
                December 2018
                : 28
                : 3
                : 543-552
                Affiliations
                [02] Zavalla Santa Fe orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Rosario-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario
                [01] Zavalla Santa Fe orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Rosario orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
                Article
                S1667-782X2018000400001 S1667-782X(18)02800300001
                ed5f4f9c-9329-476d-b810-d8b2d812cedf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 71, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículo original

                Abundancia,Bromeliaceae,Quebrachal,Riqueza,Tillandsia,Abundance,Richness

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