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      Common Variants of Apolipoprotein E and Cholesteryl Ester Transport Protein Genes in Male Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Variable Body Mass Index

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          Abstract

          Plasma lipids are major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein (apo) E genes are involved in lipoprotein metabolism, thus affecting plasma lipid and lipoproteins levels. Furthermore, such polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to CHD and obesity. We evaluated the influence of the gene polymorphisms of CETP TaqIB (B1, B2) and I405V (V, I) and apo E (∊2,∊3,∊4) on lipid levels, according to body mass index (BMI) in Greek men with CHD. The TaqIB (B1, B2) polymorphism affected plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in overweight men with CHD, whereas the I405V (V, I) polymorphism affected triglyceride concentrations in normal weight men. No correlation was found between BMI and apo E polymorphisms. Large prospective studies are required to investigate the relationships of CETP and apo E polymorphisms with lipids, BMI, and CHD susceptibility.

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          Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity

          Shigenori Fujioka, Seiichiro Tarui, Yuji Matsuzawa … (1987)
          The casual relationship between intraabdominal visceral fat accumulation and metabolic disorders was analyzed in 46 obese subjects (15 males, 31 females) having 34.1 +/- 5.5 of body mass index (BMI). The distribution of fat was determined by our CT scanning technique (Int J Obesity 7:437, 1983). The total cross-cut area, subcutaneous fat area, and intra-abdominal fat area was measured at the umbilical level. The fasting plasma glucose level, area under the plasma glucose concentration curve after oral glucose loading (plasma glucose area), fasting serum triglyceride level, and serum total cholesterol level were all significantly higher or otherwise greater in the group with intraabdominal visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/S ratio) of not less than 0.4 than in the group with a lower V/S ratio, when either all or sex-matched obese subjects were examined, though BMI or the duration of obesity was not different between the two groups. The V/S ratio was significantly correlated with the level of plasma glucose area (r = 0.45, P less than .001) under the curve of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and also with the serum triglyceride (r = 0.65, P less than .001) and total cholesterol levels (r = 0.61, P less than .001). These relationships were also observed when examined in each sex separately and found to be significant after adjustment for BMI and age by multiple regression analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Non-Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides: An Expert Panel Statement

            Genovefa D. Kolovou, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Jan Kovář … (2011)
            An Expert Panel group of scientists and clinicians met to consider several aspects related to non-fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TGs) and their role as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this context, we review recent epidemiological studies relevant to elevated non-fasting TGs as a risk factor for CVD and provide a suggested classification of non-fasting TG concentration. Secondly, we sought to describe methodologies to evaluate postprandial TG using a fat tolerance test (FTT) in the clinic. Thirdly, we discuss the role of non-fasting lipids in the treatment of postprandial hyperlipemia. Finally, we provide a series of clinical recommendations relating to non-fasting TGs based on the consensus of the Expert Panel: 1). Elevated non-fasting TGs are a risk factor for CVD. 2). The desirable non-fasting TG concentration is <2 mmol/l (<180 mg/dl). 3). For standardized postprandial testing, a single FTT meal should be given after an 8 h fast and should consist of 75 g of fat, 25 g of carbohydrates and 10 g of protein. 4). A single TG measurement 4 h after a FTT meal provides a good evaluation of the postprandial TG response. 5). Preferably, subjects with non-fasting TG levels of 1-2 mmol/l (89-180 mg/dl) should be tested with a FTT. 6). TG concentration ≤ 2.5 mmol/l (220 mg/dl) at any time after a FTT meal should be considered as a desirable postprandial TG response. 7). A higher and undesirable postprandial TG response could be treated by aggressive lifestyle modification (including nutritional supplementation) and/or TG lowering drugs like statins, fibrates and nicotinic acid.
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              Lipoprotein Subfractions in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Approaches

              Dragana Nikolic, Niki Katsiki, Giuseppe Montalto … (2013)
              Small, dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) represents an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, since these particles can be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of established risk factors, including plasma lipids. Obese subjects frequently have atherogenic dyslipidaemia, including elevated sdLDL levels, in addition to elevated triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein-B, as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Obesity-related co-morbidities, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) are also characterized by dyslipidaemia. Therefore, agents that favourably modulate LDL subclasses may be of clinical value in these subjects. Statins are the lipid-lowering drug of choice. Also, anti-obesity and lipid lowering drugs other than statins could be useful in these patients. However, the effects of anti-obesity drugs on CVD risk factors remain unclear. We review the clinical significance of sdLDL in being overweight and obesity, as well as the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs on LDL subfractions in these individuals; a short comment on HDL subclasses is also included. Our literature search was based on PubMed and Scopus listings. Further research is required to fully explore both the significance of sdLDL and the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs on LDL subfractions in being overweight, obesity and MetS. Improving the lipoprotein profile in these patients may represent an efficient approach for reducing cardiovascular risk.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Angiology
                Abbreviated Title: Angiology
                Publisher: SAGE Publications
                ISSN (Print): 0003-3197
                ISSN (Electronic): 1940-1574
                Publication date Created: February 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): January 08 2014
                Publication date (Print): February 2015
                Volume: 66
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 169-173
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
                [2 ]Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
                [3 ]Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
                [4 ]Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
                [5 ]Thriasio Hospital, Elevsina, Greece
                [6 ]Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
                Article
                DOI: 10.1177/0003319713517927
                PubMed ID: 24402318
                SO-VID: eeefa5aa-53bc-4fe0-83f1-cc76bf0b423d
                Copyright © © 2015
                License:

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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