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      Anomocephalobus, a new genus of minute marsh-loving beetles from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Limnichidae are currently a moderately diverse beetle family with a sparse fossil record. Here we describe a new limnichid genus and species, Anomocephalobus liuhaoi Li, Jäch & Cai gen. et sp. nov., from the mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. Anomocephalobus gen. nov. is tentatively assigned to the extant subfamily Cephalobyrrhinae, based on its transverse metacoxae, 5-segmented protarsi, and absence of grooves on the ventral surface for reception of legs, though its oval body shape is somewhat deviating from extant Cephalobyrrhinae. The generic placement of the recently described Erichia cretacea Yu, Ślipiński, Ren & Pang, 2018 is also discussed.

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          The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity

          Duane D. McKenna, Seunggwan Shin, Dirk Ahrens … (2019)
          Significance We inferred the phylogeny and evolution of beetles using genomic data of an unprecedented scale. Moreover, we documented the diversification of plant-feeding (herbivorous) beetles, which account for nearly half of all beetle species and a similar proportion of herbivorous insects, following convergent horizontal transfers of bacterial and fungal genes enabling the digestion of lignocellulose in plant cell walls. Our findings clarify beetle phylogenetic relationships and reveal new insights into the evolution of specialized herbivory and why there are so many species of beetles. Furthermore, they underscore the intimacy and complexity of the evolutionary relationships between insects, plants, and microorganisms and show how analyses of large-scale genomic data are revealing the evolution and genomic basis of insect biodiversity.
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            Evolutionary history of Coleoptera revealed by extensive sampling of genes and species

            Shao-Qian Zhang, Li-Heng Che, Yun Li … (2018)
            Beetles (Coleoptera) are the most diverse and species-rich group of insects, and a robust, time-calibrated phylogeny is fundamental to understanding macroevolutionary processes that underlie their diversity. Here we infer the phylogeny and divergence times of all major lineages of Coleoptera by analyzing 95 protein-coding genes in 373 beetle species, including ~67% of the currently recognized families. The subordinal relationships are strongly supported as Polyphaga (Adephaga (Archostemata, Myxophaga)). The series and superfamilies of Polyphaga are mostly monophyletic. The species-poor Nosodendridae is robustly recovered in a novel position sister to Staphyliniformia, Bostrichiformia, and Cucujiformia. Our divergence time analyses suggest that the crown group of extant beetles occurred ~297 million years ago (Mya) and that ~64% of families originated in the Cretaceous. Most of the herbivorous families experienced a significant increase in diversification rate during the Cretaceous, thus suggesting that the rise of angiosperms in the Cretaceous may have been an ‘evolutionary impetus’ driving the hyperdiversity of herbivorous beetles.
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              Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles

              Chenyang Cai, Erik Tihelka, Mattia Giacomelli … (2022)
              Beetles constitute the most biodiverse animal order with over 380 000 described species and possibly several million more yet unnamed. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived at considerably incongruent topologies and widely varying estimates of divergence dates for major beetle clades. Here, we use a dataset of 68 single-copy nuclear protein-coding (NPC) genes sampling 129 out of the 193 recognized extant families as well as the first comprehensive set of fully justified fossil calibrations to recover a refined timescale of beetle evolution. Using phylogenetic methods that counter the effects of compositional and rate heterogeneity, we recover a topology congruent with morphological studies, which we use, combined with other recent phylogenomic studies, to propose several formal changes in the classification of Coleoptera: Scirtiformia and Scirtoidea sensu nov., Clambiformia ser. nov. and Clamboidea sensu nov., Rhinorhipiformia ser. nov., Byrrhoidea sensu nov., Dryopoidea stat. res., Nosodendriformia ser. nov. and Staphyliniformia sensu nov., and Erotyloidea stat. nov., Nitiduloidea stat. nov. and Cucujoidea sensu nov., alongside changes below the superfamily level. Our divergence time analyses recovered a late Carboniferous origin of Coleoptera, a late Palaeozoic origin of all modern beetle suborders and a Triassic–Jurassic origin of most extant families, while fundamental divergences within beetle phylogeny did not coincide with the hypothesis of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): zool
                Title: Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Abbreviated Title: Zoologia (Curitiba)
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 1984-4670
                ISSN (Electronic): 1984-4689
                Publication date (Print and electronic): 2022
                Volume: 39
                Electronic Location Identifier: e21030
                Affiliations
                [4] Bristol orgnameUniversity of Bristol orgdiv1School of Earth Sciences United Kingdom
                [3] Vienna orgnameNaturhistorisches Museum Wien Austria
                [2] Guangzhou orgnameGuangdong Academy of Sciences orgdiv1Institute of Zoology orgdiv2Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization China
                [1] Nanjing orgnameChinese Academy of Sciences orgdiv1Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment orgdiv2Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology China
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1984-46702022000100307 Publisher ID: S1984-4670(22)03900000307
                DOI: 10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21030
                SO-VID: ef0a6ffe-d94f-4305-bf7d-6ec0366c5744
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 10 October 2021
                Date accepted : 22 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: fossil,taxonomy,Myanmar,Cephalobyrrhinae,Mesozoic
                Data availability:
                Keywords: fossil, taxonomy, Myanmar, Cephalobyrrhinae, Mesozoic

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