Ising model susceptibility: Fuchsian differential equation for $\chi^{(4)}$ and its factorization properties

Abstract

We give the Fuchsian linear differential equation satisfied by $\chi^{(4)}$, the ``four-particle'' contribution to the susceptibility of the isotropic square lattice Ising model. This Fuchsian differential equation is deduced from a series expansion method introduced in two previous papers and is applied with some symmetries and tricks specific to $\chi^{(4)}$. The corresponding order ten linear differential operator exhibits a large set of factorization properties. Among these factorizations one is highly remarkable: it corresponds to the fact that the two-particle contribution $\chi^{(2)}$ is actually a solution of this order ten linear differential operator. This result, together with a similar one for the order seven differential operator corresponding to the three-particle contribution, $\chi^{(3)}$, leads us to a conjecture on the structure of all the $n$-particle contributions $\chi^{(n)}$.