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      La utilidad del monitoreo Holter con saturación de oxígeno en la valoración de pacientes con sospecha de apnea del sueño Translated title: Use of Ambulatory Holter monitoring with oxygen saturation in evaluation of patients with suspect of sleep apnea

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          Abstract

          Justificación: los trastornos respiratorios asociados con el sueño son frecuentes. Entre ellos la apnea del sueño ocupa un lugar importante como problema de salud, pues está asociada con la aparición de arritmias, trastornos metabólicos, hipertensión arterial y cardiopatía isquémica. La detección tiene cierto grado de dificultad, puesto que métodos como la polisomnografía pueden ser complejos y costosos. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la experiencia con el uso del monitoreo ambulatorio de la saturación de oxígeno de 24 horas (OxyholterR), como método de detección inicial de pacientes con este síndrome. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de los principales hallazgos en los registros de OxyholterR realizados en el Centro Car­diológico Integral entre el año 2005 y 2013, en pacientes con sospecha clínica de apnea del sueño. Por lo tanto se analizó la presencia de las alteraciones en la saturación de oxígeno nocturno según edad y sexo. Y se clasificó dichas alteraciones con base en la duración e intensidad. Se analizó la presencia de arritmias durante los periodos de sueño. Resultados: en 494 estudios, la edad promedio general fue de 65 años, la distribución por género fue: 279 (56 %) hombres y 215 (43 %) mujeres. Un 10 % (51 casos) de los estudios fueron normales, un 90 % (443 casos) mostró alteración significa­tiva en la saturación y en estos, el tiempo con saturación de O2 baja fue menor de 30 minutos en 43 % de los pacientes y mayor de 30 minutos en 57 % de los pacientes. En un 33 % la disminución en la saturación fue leve (Saturación O2 80-88%), en un 39 % moderada (Saturación O2 70-79 %) y en un 28 % severa (Saturación O2<69 %). De los casos con saturación nocturna baja, en 88 (20 %) se documentaron arritmias de predominio nocturno. Conclusiones: la apnea del sueño es un problema de salud frecuente en la población adulta. Existen casos leves y otros severos. El monitoreo ambulatorio Holter con saturación de oxígeno de 24 horas es un método no invasivo, sencillo y útil en la evaluación inicial de los pacientes, quienes muestran signos de este padecimiento.

          Translated abstract

          Justification and Objective: the respiratory abnormalities that may occur during the sleep period are frequent. Sleep apnea has an important place as a health problem, because of the association with arrhythmias, metabolic abnormalities, hypertension and ischemic hearth. To diagnosis this condition is not easy because of the complexity and cost of the methods, like the polisomnography. The objective of this paper is to present the experience with the Ambulatory Holter Monitoring with 24 hours Oxygen Saturation (OxyholtherR), as an initial diagnosis method for this condition. Methodology: descriptive study of the main findings in the OxiholtherR in the ¨Centro Cardiológico Integral¨ between the year of 2005 and 2013. The study analyzed the presence of oxygen saturation abnormalities during the night period according to the age, gender, and weight. This abnormalities were classify base on the severity and the time in which the desaturation lasted. Results: we analyzed 494 studies, the age in general average was 65 years, 279 (56 %) were mans and 215 (43 %) women. A 10 % (51 cases) had a normal oxygen saturation level. Of the 443 (90 %) studies that show a significant decrease in saturation, 43 % had this decrement for a period of time less than 30 minutes and 57 % extended for more than 30 minutes until 10 hours. In 33 % of the group with abnormalities show mild decrease in saturation levels (saturation 80 to 88 %), 39% had moderate decrease (saturation 70-79 %) and 28 % show saturation level below 69 % (severe). In the 443 cases with nocturnal low oxygen saturation, 88 patients (20 %) had arrhythmias in the same nocturnal period. Conclusions: sleep apnea is a frequently health problem in adult patients. There are mild and other very severe cases of sleep apnea. The OxyholtherR of 24 h is a simple, not invasive and useful method to begin the evaluation of patients in which there is suspicion of sleep apnea.

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          Most cited references41

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          Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension.

          Sleep-disordered breathing is prevalent in the general population and has been linked to chronically elevated blood pressure in cross-sectional epidemiologic studies. We performed a prospective, population-based study of the association between objectively measured sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension (defined as a laboratory-measured blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive medications). We analyzed data on sleep-disordered breathing, blood pressure, habitus, and health history at base line and after four years of follow-up in 709 participants of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (and after eight years of follow-up in the case of 184 of these participants). Participants were assessed overnight by 18-channel polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing, as defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (the number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep). The odds ratios for the presence of hypertension at the four-year follow-up study according to the apnea-hypopnea index at base line were estimated after adjustment for base-line hypertension status, body-mass index, neck and waist circumference, age, sex, and weekly use of alcohol and cigarettes. Relative to the reference category of an apnea-hypopnea index of 0 events per hour at base line, the odds ratios for the presence of hypertension at follow-up were 1.42 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.78) with an apnea-hypopnea index of 0.1 to 4.9 events per hour at base line as compared with none, 2.03 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.17) with an apnea-hypopnea index of 5.0 to 14.9 events per hour, and 2.89 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.46 to 5.64) with an apnea-hypopnea index of 15.0 or more events per hour. We found a dose-response association between sleep-disordered breathing at base line and the presence of hypertension four years later that was independent of known confounding factors. The findings suggest that sleep-disordered breathing is likely to be a risk factor for hypertension and consequent cardiovascular morbidity in the general population.
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            Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Unattended Portable Monitors in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adult Patients

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              Sleep Apnea in 81 Ambulatory Male Patients With Stable Heart Failure

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcc
                Revista Costarricense de Cardiología
                Rev. costarric. cardiol
                Asociación Costarricense de Cardiología (San José )
                1409-4142
                June 2014
                : 16
                : 1
                : 05-12
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Cardiológico Integral
                [2 ] Hospital San Vicente de Paul
                Article
                S1409-41422014000100002
                ef5191b8-9503-46cb-9aa3-c2cf0dede909

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1409-4142&lng=en
                Categories
                Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Sleep Apnea,Oxyholter,Ambulatory Oxygen Saturation,Nocturnal Arrhythmias,Apnea del sueño,Monitoreo ambulatorio de saturación de oxígeno,Arritmias nocturnas

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