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      Atenção oferecida aos idosos portadores de hipertensão: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde , 2013 Translated title: Atención ofrecida a los ancianos portadores de hipertensión: Encuesta Nacional de Salud , 2013 Translated title: Attention to elderly individuals with hypertension: the Brazilian National Health Survey , 2013

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          Abstract

          O objetivo foi avaliar a atenção oferecida por profissional de saúde aos idosos com hipertensão e as desigualdades, utilizando a escolaridade como indicador socioeconômico, no Brasil. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, em 2013. A atenção oferecida foi avaliada por meio dos indicadores: recomendações para alimentação saudável, manter o peso adequado, ingerir menos sal, praticar atividade física, não fumar, não ingerir bebida alcoólica em excesso, fazer acompanhamento regular e solicitação de exames de sangue e urina, eletrocardiograma e teste de esforço. As recomendações para ingerir menos sal (91%), alimentação saudável (88%) e fazer acompanhamento regular (88%) foram mais prevalentes. Idosos com ensino superior completo apresentaram maiores prevalências de recomendações para manter uma alimentação saudável (RP = 1,12), manter o peso adequado (RP = 1,21), praticar atividade física (RP = 1,29), acompanhamento regular (RP = 1,11), solicitação do teste de esforço (RP = 2,26) e recebimento de todos indicadores (RP = 2,14) em relação aos idosos sem instrução. A atenção oferecida por profissional de saúde está deficiente em todo o país. Além disso, as desigualdades ainda persistem. Tendo em vista o aumento da população idosa e das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, são necessários esforços para melhorar a qualidade da atenção e diminuir as desigualdades.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo fue evaluar la atención ofrecida por los profesionales de salud a los ancianos con hipertensión y las desigualdades asociadas, utilizando la escolaridad como indicador socioeconómico, en Brasil. Estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, en 2013. La atención ofrecida fue evaluada mediante indicadores: recomendaciones para alimentación saludable, mantener el peso adecuado, ingerir menos sal, practicar actividad física, no fumar, no ingerir bebida alcohólica en exceso, realizar un seguimiento regular y solicitar exámenes de sangre y orina, electrocardiograma y test de esfuerzo. Las recomendaciones para ingerir menos sal (91%), alimentación saludable (88%) y realizar un seguimiento regular (88%) fueron las más prevalentes. Los ancianos con la enseñanza superior completada presentaron mayores prevalencias de recomendaciones para mantener una alimentación saludable (RP = 1,12), mantener el peso adecuado (RP = 1,21), practicar actividad física (RP = 1,29), seguimiento regular (RP = 1,11), solicitar el test de esfuerzo (RP = 2,26) y la recepción de todos los indicadores (RP = 2,14), en relación con los ancianos sin instrucción. La atención ofrecida por un profesional de salud es deficiente en todo el país. Asimismo, las desigualdades todavía persisten. Teniendo en vista el aumento de la población anciana y de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, se necesitan esfuerzos para mejorar la calidad de la atención y disminuir las desigualdades.

          Translated abstract

          This study aimed to assess the attention paid by health professionals to elderly individuals with hypertension and related inequalities in Brazil, using level of schooling as the socioeconomic indicator. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. Attention was assessed according to the following indicators: recommendations for healthy eating, maintaining adequate weight, less salt, regular exercise, prevention of smoking and excessive drinking, and regular medical checkups with blood and urine tests, ECG, and stress test. The recommendations to consume less salt (91%), healthy diet (88%), and regular medical checkups (88%) were the most common. Elderly with complete university degrees showed the highest prevalence rates for recommendations to maintain a healthy diet (PR = 1.12), adequate weight (PR = 1.21), regular exercise (PR = 1.29), regular medical checkups (PR = 1.11), and stress test (PR = 2.26) and all the indicators combined (PR = 2.14) when compared to elderly without schooling. The attention paid to the elderly by health professionals is suboptimal throughout the country. In addition, inequalities in attention to the elderly’s needs still persist. Given the growth in the elderly population and chronic non-communicable diseases, efforts are needed to improve the quality of their care and mitigate the related inequalities.

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          Horizontal equity in health care utilization in Brazil, 1998–2008

          Introduction This study assesses trends in horizontal equity in the utilization of healthcare services from 1998 to 2008--a period of major economic and social change in Brazil. Methods Data are from nationally representative surveys repeated in 1998, 2003, and 2008. We apply established methods for assessing horizontal inequity in healthcare access (the principle that people with the same healthcare needs should have similar access to healthcare services). Horizontal inequity is calculated as the difference between observed healthcare utilization and utilization predicted by healthcare needs. Outcomes examined include the probability of a medical, dental, or hospital visit during the past 12 months; any health service use in the past two weeks; and having a usual source of healthcare. We use monthly family income to measure differences in socioeconomic position. Healthcare needs include age, sex, self-rated health, and chronic conditions. Non-need factors include income, education, geography, health insurance, and Family Health Strategy coverage. Results The probability of having at least one doctor visit in the past 12 months became substantially more equitable over time, ending with a slightly pro-rich orientation in 2008. Any hospitalization in the past 12 months was found to be pro-poor in all periods but became slightly less so in 2008. Dental visits showed the largest absolute decrease in horizontal inequity, although they were still the most inequitably (pro-rich) distributed outcome in 2008. Service use in the past two weeks showed decreased inequity in 2003 but exhibited no significant change between 2003 and 2008. Having a usual source of care became less pro-rich over time and was nearly income-neutral by 2008. Factors associated with greater inequities include income, having a private health plan, and geographic location. Factors associated with greater equity included health needs, schooling, and enrolment in the Family Health Strategy. Conclusions Healthcare utilization in Brazil appears to have become increasingly equitable over the past 10 years. Although this does not imply that equity in health outcomes has improved correspondingly, it does suggest that government policies aimed at increasing access, especially to primary care, have helped to make healthcare utilization in Brazil fairer over time.
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            Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no Brasil: prioridade para enfrentamento e investigação

            As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis representam a maior carga de morbimortalidade no Brasil. Em 2011, o Ministério da Saúde lançou seu Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, enfatizando ações populacionais para controlar as doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, câncer e doença respiratória crônica, predominantemente pelo controle do fumo, inatividade física, alimentação inadequada e uso prejudicial de álcool. Apesar da produção científica significativa sobre essas doenças e seus fatores de risco no Brasil, poucos são os estudos de coorte nessa temática. Nesse contexto, o Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) acompanha 15.105 servidores públicos do País. Seus dados espelham a realidade brasileira de altas prevalências de diabetes e hipertensão e dos fatores de risco. A diversidade das informações produzidas permitirá aprofundar o entendimento causal dessas doenças e subsidiar políticas públicas para seu enfrentamento.
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              Quality of care for hypertension in the United States

              Background Despite heavy recent emphasis on blood pressure (BP) control, many patients fail to meet widely accepted goals. While access and adherence to therapy certainly play a role, another potential explanation is poor quality of essential care processes (QC). Yet little is known about the relationship between QC and BP control. Methods We assessed QC in 12 U.S. communities by reviewing the medical records of a randomly selected group of patients for the two years preceding our study. We included patients with either a diagnosis of hypertension or two visits with BPs of ≥140/90 in their medical records. We used 28 process indicators based on explicit evidence to assess QC. The indicators covered a broad spectrum of care and were developed through a modified Delphi method. We considered patients who received all indicated care to have optimal QC. We defined control of hypertension as BP < 140/90 in the most recent reading. Results Of 1,953 hypertensive patients, only 57% received optimal care and 42% had controlled hypertension. Patients who had received optimal care were more likely to have their BP under control at the end of the study (45% vs. 35%, p = .0006). Patients were more likely to receive optimal care if they were over age 50 (76% vs. 63%, p < .0001), had diabetes (77% vs. 71%, p = .0038), coronary artery disease (87% vs. 69%, p < .0001), or hyperlipidemia (80% vs. 68%, p < .0001), and did not smoke (73% vs. 66%, p = .0005). Conclusions Higher QC for hypertensive patients is associated with better BP control. Younger patients without cardiac risk factors are at greatest risk for poor care. Quality measurement systems like the one presented in this study can guide future quality improvement efforts.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2017
                : 33
                : 6
                : e00189915
                Affiliations
                [1] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2017000705012 S0102-311X(17)03300705012
                10.1590/0102-311x00189915
                ef60178e-4d3c-4629-94cb-f7fd2a8d4c73

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 December 2015
                : 22 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Calidad de la Atención de Salud,Anciano,Idoso,Doença Crônica,Hipertensão,Aged,Hipertensión,Quality of Health Care,Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde,Hypertension,Chronic Disease

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