Avances en la localización de los tumores neuroendocrinos con las técnicas de imagen

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Abstract

Se comunican dos tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos, un insulinoma y un glucagonoma. Basados en esta experiencia se revisan las distintas técnicas que posibilitan la localización del tumor y sus eventuales metástasis, como son los untrasonidos, laTAC, la RM, la angiografía, la ultrasonografía endoscópica y la gammagrafía con I111-pentatreotide. Se hace notar la conveniencia de comenzar por los procedimientos menos invasivos como son laTAC y la gammacámara con octreotide.

Translated abstract

We present two cases of neuroendocrine tumors: insulinoma and glucagonoma. Several diagnostic procedures are analysed including those useful to localize the tumor and its possible metastasis, as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, endoscopic ultrasonography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. We suggest that the work up should begin with lesser invasive procedures such as CT and In111-labelled pentetreotide scan.

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Most cited references 34

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Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: spectrum of appearances on MRI.

John Woosley, Aline C Custódio, N Balci … (2000)

We reviewed our 8.5 year experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the demonstration of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas using precontrast fat-suppressed T1-weighted, fat-suppressed T2-weighted, and serial post-gadolinium T1-weighted images, to describe the spectrum of appearances of these tumors. All MR examinations of patients with histologically proven neuroendocrine tumors were retrospectively reviewed. Histological type, tumor location, tumor diameter, signal intensity on precontrast images, enhancement patterns, and presence and appearance of metastases were determined. Twenty-two patients had histologically proved neuroendocrine tumors detected by MRI over the 8.5 year period. Histological types were gastrinoma (n = 8), insulinoma (n = 3), glucagonoma (n = 2), somatostatinoma (n = 1), VIPoma (n = 1), ACTHoma (n = 1), carcinoid (n = 1), and five untyped tumors. Primary tumors ranged in diameter from 1 to 6.2 cm. There was one histopathology-proven false-positive neuroendocrine tumor. The positive predictive value for MRI in the detection of these tumors was 96%. The most common appearance on precontrast images was low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, which was observed in tumors in 18 of 22 patients. Moderate or intense early enhancement of all or portions of the primary tumors was observed in tumors in 19 of 22 patients either as uniform homogeneous, ring, or diffuse heterogeneous enhancement. Enhancement was minimal on these images in the other three patients. Gastrinomas enhanced in a ring pattern in 7 of 8 patients whereas the majority (9 of 11 patients) of noninsulinoma-nongastrinoma and untyped tumors enhanced in a diffuse heterogeneous fashion. Liver metastases were present in 13/22 patients including 3/8 with gastrinoma and 9/11 with noninsulinoma-nongastrinoma tumors. Most neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are low signal intensity on fat-suppressed T1-weighted images and moderately high in signal intensity on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, although variations do exist. Tumors most often enhance in an early moderately intense fashion. Gastrinomas are often different in appearance than other neuroendocrine tumors in that they usually enhance in a ring fashion whereas nongastrinoma-noninsulinoma tumors usually enhance in a heterogeneous fashion.

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Somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 are the major somatostatin receptors in insulinomas: an in vivo and in vitro study.

K Perlemoine, J L Alberini, X Bertagna … (2003)

Somatostatin (SRIF) receptors (sst) are present on normal pancreatic endocrine beta-cells. However, the use of SRIF analogs in the scintigraphic imaging of insulinomas and in the medical management of these tumors seems to be restricted to a subgroup of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sst expression in vitro and characterize sst subtype binding in insulinomas and its correlation with in vivo sst receptor scintigraphy (SRS). In vitro studies were performed on 27 insulinomas from 25 patients: 22 with benign and three with malignant tumors. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of sst mRNAs was performed for 20 of these insulinomas. Sst2 and sst5 were expressed in 70%, sst1 in 50%, and sst3 and sst4 subtypes only in 15-20% of the tumors. (125)I-Tyr(0)DTrp(8)SRIF(14) binding was assessed by quantitative autoradiography in 18 insulinomas, and competition experiments were performed with SRIF(14) and L797-591, L779-976, L796-778, L803-087, L817-818, selective agonists of the five sst subtypes, and BIM23244, a selective agonist of sst2 and sst5. Significant specific binding was observed in 72% of the insulinomas. Displacement experiments with ligands of higher affinity for each of the sst receptors revealed significant binding with the sst2 and sst5 ligands in 72%, sst3 in 44%, sst1 in 44%, and sst4 in 28% of cases. All insulinomas displaying sst2 binding were also sst5 sensitive. However, the ratio of sst5/sst2 displacement was variable and only equal to that for SRIF(14) in experiments with the sst2/sst5 agonist BIM23244. SRS was performed 10 times in nine patients; it detected 60% of the tumors, including metastases of a malignant insulinoma. All the tumors detected by SRS displayed high levels of (125)I-Tyr(0)DTrp(8)SRIF(14) binding. The mechanisms underlying the loss of expression of sst2/sst5 in a third of insulinomas remains to be determined, but this loss of expression may be involved in beta-cell dysfunction.

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Preoperative detection of pancreatic insulinomas on multiphasic helical CT.

Christopher Thompson, Sarah J. Fletcher, Patrick Reading … (2003)

The objective was to analyze enhancement characteristics of insulinomas and to determine the ability of multiphase CT to localize these tumors. Prospective interpretations of multiphase helical CT scans were reviewed in 30 patients who had insulinomas resected over a 5-year period. CT scans were retrospectively reviewed to determine enhancement characteristics, tumor conspicuity in each phase of enhancement, and potential causes for false-negative findings. Sixty-three percent (19/30) of tumors were identified on CT prospectively. An additional six tumors were visualized in retrospect, allowing characterization of 25 (83%) of 30 tumors. Most tumors were hyperdense on at least one phase (n = 19), three tumors were hypoattenuating, and three were isodense and pedunculated. Insulinomas were most conspicuous on the early phase in 15 patients and in the portal venous phase in three. All tumors that underwent pancreatic phase imaging were seen (13/13), whereas three of 18 arterial and six of 25 portal venous phase findings were inconclusive for tumor. In the six examinations with false-negative findings in which the tumor could be seen in retrospect, two tumors were isodense and pedunculated, three were in close proximity to vessels, and one had a cystic appearance. Multiphasic CT has a moderate sensitivity in the detection of insulinomas. Most tumors are more conspicuous on the earlier phases of enhancement. The pancreatic phase may be more useful than the arterial phase. Potential sources of false-negative results include tumors adjacent to vessels, pedunculated morphology, or nonhyperattenuating lesions.

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Author and article information

Contributors

E. Vázquez Muñoz: Role: ND

A. Franco López: Role: ND

B. Pérez Villacastín: Role: ND

L. F. Pallardo Sánchez: Role: ND

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): ami

Title: Anales de Medicina Interna

Abbreviated Title: An. Med. Interna (Madrid)

Publisher: Arán Ediciones, S. L. (, , Spain )

ISSN (Print): 0212-7199

Publication date (Print and electronic): October 2004

Volume: 21

Issue: 10

Pages: 31-36

Affiliations

[02] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario La Paz orgdiv1Servicio de Endocrinología

[01] orgnameFundación Jiménez Díaz orgdiv1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico

Article

Publisher ID: S0212-71992004001000006

DOI: 10.4321/s0212-71992004001000006

SO-VID: ef8a4114-9b4c-4ec6-9fd6-a7589e92f024

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6

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Keywords: Tumor neuroendocrino,Insulinoma,Glucagonoma,Neuroendocrine tumor

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Keywords: Tumor neuroendocrino, Insulinoma, Glucagonoma, Neuroendocrine tumor

Avances en la localización de los tumores neuroendocrinos con las técnicas de imagen Translated title: Imaging advances in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors

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Most cited references 34

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: spectrum of appearances on MRI.

Somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 are the major somatostatin receptors in insulinomas: an in vivo and in vitro study.

Preoperative detection of pancreatic insulinomas on multiphasic helical CT.

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