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      Toxina botulínica no tratamento de distonias faciais: avaliação da eficácia e da satisfação dos pacientes ao longo do tratamento Translated title: Botulinum toxin in the treatment of facial dystonia: evaluation of its efficacy and patients' satisfaction along the treatment

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estudar a eficácia do tratamento com toxina botulínica nos pacientes com distonia facial e a satisfação com o tratamento ao longo do tempo. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 42 pacientes portadores de distonia facial acompanhados no setor de Plástica Ocular da Clínica Oftalmológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Após as primeiras aplicações, 45,2% dos pacientes deram notas entre 9-10 para melhora do espasmo, 35,7% deram notas entre 7-8, 16,7% deram notas entre 5-6 e apenas um paciente deu nota 4. Em relação ao intervalo de reaparecimento do espasmo, 4,8% dos pacientes referiram entre 5-6 meses, 64,2% entre 3-4 meses e 31% entre 1-2 meses. Ao longo do tratamento, 76,1% dos pacientes referiram manter a mesma nota sobre a melhora do espasmo, 19,1% referiram melhora do resultado nas aplicações e apenas 4,8% referiram piora da eficácia nas aplicações atuais. Quanto ao tempo de retorno do espasmo após aplicação, 64,2% relataram não haver mudança ao longo do seguimento no serviço, 16,7% relataram aumento e 19,1% relataram diminuição do intervalo de remissão dos sintomas. Após aplicação, 19% dos pacientes apresentaram efeitos colaterais e 73,8% dos pacientes referiram desconforto apenas leve ou moderado em relação à aplicação. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da toxina botulínica foi eficaz e não houve alteração da eficácia ao longo do tempo. São poucos os efeitos colaterais e boa tolerância à administração. É boa alternativa para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes evitando a cegueira funcional causada por essas doenças.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To study the efficiency of botulinum toxin treatment in facial dystonia patients and their satisfaction along treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study of 42 facial dystonia cases followed at the Oculoplastic Surgery Department of the "Hospital das Clínicas" of the University of São Paulo. RESULTS: Following the first injections, 45.2% of the patients scored the improvement of the spasms between 9-10, 35.7% scored between 7-8, 16.7% between 5-6 and only one patient scored the improvement of the spasm as 4. According to the remission time of the symptoms, 4.8% of the patients reported between 5-6 months, 64.2% between 3-4 months and 31% reported the need for a new injection after 1-2 months of the previous injection. During treatment, 76.1% of the patients maintained the same score for spasm improvement after the botulinum toxin injection, 19.1% reported improvement and only 4.8% noted worsening of efficiency of the last injections. Along the follow-up, 64.2% reported no change in the time of return of the symptoms, 16.7% had increased and 19.1% had decreased remission time of the symptoms. After injections, 19% of the patients presented side effects and 73.8% of the patients complained of mild to moderate discomfort during the injection. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin was efficient and no change of efficiency along the time was observed. Side effects are few and the tolerance to injections are good. It is a good alternative in order to improve quality of life of these patients avoiding functional blindness caused by these diseases.

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          Long term results of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) in the treatment of hemifacial spasm: a report of 175 cases.

          To describe the long term efficacy and side effects of the treatment of hemifacial spasm with Dysport and to evaluate two different sites of injection to hopefully reduce side effects. This study was designed as a prospective descriptive study. Injections were made subcutaneously around the eye. Peak improvement was subjectively assessed by using a visual analogue scale and reported in percentages (0-100%). Duration of improvement was assessed subjectively and reported in months. Of 175 cases, 17 were lost to follow up and were excluded. 855 treatments were injected in the remaining 158 patients with a median of 4 treatments. The response rate was 97%. Of 855 treatments, the adjusted mean peak and duration of improvement was 77.2 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 74.7-79.4)% and 3.4 (95%CI 3.2-3.6) months respectively. In 158 patients (complete group), the long term results from the first to the 12th treatment showed that the mean peak improvement ranged from 72.70 to 80.10% and the duration of improvement was 2.60 to 3.71 months. It remained constant throughout (p=0.40, p=0.87 respectively). The most common side effect was ptosis. Of the 158 patients, 21 completed 12 treatments (subgroup). A separate analysis of this group disclosed a mean peak and duration of improvement from the first to 12th treatments ranging from 70.00 to 78.10% and 2.65 to 4.31 months respectively. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed no significant variation of peak and duration of improvement over the first to the 12th treatments (p=0.38, p=0.38 respectively). Only 3% of the treatments were unsuccessful but responded to subsequent treatments. The incidence of ptosis was reduced from 27.17% to 9.68% by moving the injection site to the lateral part of orbital orbicularis oculi without any loss of efficacy. The yearly cost of Dysport is considerably less than Botox. This study is the first to show, in detail, the long term results of treatments of hemifacial spasm with Dysport. The efficacy is constant throughout orbicularis oculi. The efficacy of Dysport is comparable with Botox in long term follow up.
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            Botulinum toxin A treatment for primary hemifacial spasm: a 10-year multicenter study.

            Botulinum toxin A (BTX) is the currently preferred symptomatic treatment for primary hemifacial spasm (HFS), but its long-term efficacy and safety are not known. To assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of BTX in the treatment of primary HFS. Retrospective review of medical records of the 1st and 10th years of treatment. Outpatient clinics of 4 Italian university centers in the Italian Movement Disorders Study Group. A series of 65 patients with primary HFS who had received BTX injections regularly for at least 10 years. Mean duration of improvement and quality of the effect induced by the preceding treatment (measured using a patient self-evaluation scale) and occurrence and duration of adverse effects in the 1st and 10th years of treatment. Using a mean BTX dose per treatment session similar to that used by others, we obtained a 95% response rate and an overall mean duration of improvement of 12.6 weeks during year 1. The effectiveness of BTX in relieving the symptoms of primary HFS, as measured by the response rate and average duration of improvement, remained unchanged in the 1st and 10th years. Patients needed statistically similar BTX doses in the 1st and 10th years. The rate of local adverse effects (including upper lid ptosis, facial weakness, and diplopia) diminished significantly in the 10th year of treatment. Treatment with BTX effectively induces sustained relief from symptoms of HFS in the long term, with only minimal and transient adverse reactions.
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              Clinical Features of Antibody-Induced Complete Secondary Failure of Botulinum Toxin Therapy

              In some patients treated with botulinum toxin type A (BT), secondary therapy failure occurs. It can either be partial (PSTF) or complete (CSTF). One of the main causes for CSTF is the formation of antibodies against BT. We wanted to study the clinical features of BT antibody-induced CSTF to improve its detection. For this, 27 patients with various dystonic syndromes and antibody- failure were studied. In 22 patients CSTF was preceded by a total of 63 injection series with PSTF. The number of injection series with preceding PSTF was 2.52 ± 2.37 with a range from 0 to 8. When PSTF occurred, the maximal efficacy of BT therapy was reduced on 55 occasions and the efficacy duration on 48 occasions. CSTF occurred after treatment times of 61–1,507 days with grouping around 324.9 ± 148.9 days and 1,155.7 ± 436.8 days and patients with short interinjection intervals significantly overrepresented in the first group (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.009). Sex and age at initiation of BT therapy, single BT dose, and number of booster injection series were not different in both groups. Immunological complications could not be detected in any of the patients. Clinical features of antibody failure described in this study show that the shorter the interinjection intervals, the earlier antibody failure occurs. They make it highly unlikely for patients with long-standing BT therapy to develop antibody failure, and they might be useful to identify antibody failure before elaborate BT antibody testing is initiated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abo
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2749
                1678-2925
                August 2005
                : 68
                : 4
                : 471-474
                Affiliations
                [02] São Paulo SP orgnameUSP orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital das Clínicas
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital das Clínicas
                Article
                S0004-27492005000400010 S0004-2749(05)06800410
                f066bc6f-cb9d-459a-a07f-6d1be81672a5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 October 2004
                : 04 March 2005
                : 14 February 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Blepharospasm,Espasmo hemifacial,Toxina botulínica tipo A,Recurrence,Patient satisfaction,Patient acceptance of health care,Aceitação pelo paciente de cuidados de saúde,Satisfação do paciente,Recidiva,Botulinum toxin type A,Hemifacial spasm,Blefaroespasmo

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