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      Prevalence of anxiety disorders as a cause of workers’ absence Translated title: Prevalência dos transtornos de ansiedade como causa de afastamento de trabalhadores Translated title: Prevalencia de los trastornos de ansiedad como causa de absentismo de trabajadores

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence of various anxiety disorders among mental and behavioral disorders as a cause for the leave of absence of workers in the state of Piauí. Method: transversal census-based study performed with data from the National Social Security Institute. Four-hundred twelve leaves of absence of workers due to anxiety disorders in the 2015-2016 biennium were included. Results: higher prevalence was found for mixed anxiety-depressed disorder (31.2%), followed by other anxious disorders (20.6%) and generalized anxiety (14.1%). Ages from 22 to 45 years old prevailed in the group of individuals with duration of absence greater than or equal to 41 days, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association (p = 0.004) between rural activity and increased time of absence. Conclusion: the study draws attention to the prevalence of “other anxiety disorders” as the cause of leave of absence, with emphasis on mixed anxiety-depressed disorder.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a prevalência dos diversos transtornos de ansiedade entre os transtornos mentais e comportamentais como causa do afastamento laboral de trabalhadores do estado do Piauí. Método: estudo transversal e censitário realizado com dados do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social. Incluíram-se 412 afastamentos de trabalhadores por transtornos de ansiedade no biênio 2015-2016. Resultados: verificou-se maior prevalência para o transtorno misto ansioso e depressivo (31,2%), seguido de outros transtornos ansiosos (20,6%) e ansiedade generalizada (14,1%). Prevaleceu a faixa etária de 22 a 45 anos no grupo de indivíduos com duração de afastamento maior ou igual a 41 dias, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,004) entre atividade rural e maior tempo de afastamento. Conclusão: o estudo chama atenção para a prevalência de “outros transtornos ansiosos” como causa do afastamento laboral, com destaque para o transtorno misto ansioso depressivo.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de los diversos trastornos de ansiedad entre los trastornos mentales y comportamentales como causa del absentismo laboral de trabajadores del estado de Piauí. Método: estudio transversal y censal realizado con datos del Instituto Nacional del Seguro Social de Brasil. Se incluyeron 412 absentismos de trabajadores por trastornos de ansiedad en el bienio 2015-2016. Resultados: se verificó mayor prevalencia para el trastorno mixto ansioso y depresivo (31,2%), seguido de otros trastornos ansiosos (20,6%) y ansiedad generalizada (14,1%). En el grupo de individuos con una duración de absentismo mayor o igual a 41 días, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001), prevaleció el grupo de edad de 22 a 45 años. Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,004) entre actividad rural y mayor tiempo de absentismo. Conclusión: el estudio llama la atención sobre la prevalencia de “otros trastornos ansiosos” como causa del absentismo laboral, con destaque para el trastorno mixto ansioso-depresivo.

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          Do urban environments increase the risk of anxiety, depression and psychosis? An epidemiological study.

          The present study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between type of living environment (urban versus rural) and anxiety, depression and psychosis in the Scottish population. Data were obtained from the Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics database on Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and urban-rural classifications for 6505 data zones across Scotland. Multiple regression was used to test the association between prescriptions for psychotropic medication for anxiety, depression and psychosis, and type of living environment according to urban-rural classification, controlling for a range of socio-economic factors. Urban-rural classification significantly predicted poorer mental health both before (β=-.29) and after (β=-.20) controlling for a large number of socio-economic variables, with more urban areas having higher rates of prescription for psychotropic medication for anxiety, depression and psychosis. The current study focussed on macro-level variables and did not include individual level data. As such, the study did not include data on individual diagnoses, but instead used drug prescriptions for anxiety, depression and psychosis as a proxy for level of affective disorders within data zones. More urban living environments in Scotland are associated with higher rates of prescription for psychotropic medication for anxiety, depression and psychosis. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            The relevance of ‘mixed anxiety and depression’ as a diagnostic category in clinical practice

            According to ICD-10 criteria, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (MADD) is characterized by co-occurring, subsyndromal symptoms of anxiety and depression, severe enough to justify a psychiatric diagnosis, but neither of which are clearly predominant. MADD appears to be very common, particularly in primary care, although prevalence estimates vary, often depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. It has been associated with similarly pronounced distress, impairment of daily living skills, and reduced health-related quality of life as fully syndromal depression and anxiety. Although about half of the patients affected remit within a year, non-remitting patients are at a high risk of transition to a fully syndromal psychiatric disorder. The validity and clinical usefulness of MADD as a diagnostic category are under debate. It has not been included in the recently released DSM-5 since the proposed diagnostic criteria turned out to be not sufficiently reliable. Moreover, reviewers have disputed the justification of MADD based on divergent results regarding its prevalence and course, diagnostic stability over time, and nosological inconsistencies between subthreshold and threshold presentations of anxiety and depressive disorders. We review the evidence in favor and against MADD and argue that it should be included into classification systems as a diagnostic category because it may enable patients to gain access to appropriate treatment early. This may help to reduce patients’ distress, prevent exacerbation to a more serious psychiatric disorder, and ultimately reduce the societal costs of this very common condition.
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              Factores psicosociales de origen laboral, estrés y morbilidad en el mundo

              Se revisó la literatura reciente (10 años) sobre los efectos que sobre la salud de las personas tienen los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo. Para ello se analizaron 92 artículos originales publicados en revistas de alto impacto. Llama la atención los efectos que las condiciones adversas del trabajo tienen sobre los sistemas cardiovascular, músculo-esquelético, endocrino, gastrointestinal, así como su incidencia en la diabetes tipo II, en los desórdenes del sueño, las disrupciones en la relación trabajo-familia y en trastornos como depresión, ansiedad y alteraciones psiquiátricas menores. Se observa un marcado interés de los investigadores de varios países en probar los modelos teóricos con mayor capacidad explicativa del fenómeno, como el dos (demanda / control- soporte social), de R. Karasek, y el der (desbalance esfuerzo / recompensa), de Johannes Siegrist.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reben
                Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
                Rev. Bras. Enferm.
                Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7167
                1984-0446
                2018
                : 71
                : suppl 5
                : 2213-2220
                Affiliations
                [1] Terezina Piauí orgnameUniversidade Federal do Piauí Brazil
                Article
                S0034-71672018001102213
                10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0953
                f0e2cd80-98b4-4f16-a818-185946d4fe32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 January 2017
                : 21 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Ansiedade,Absenteísmo,Previdência Social,Saúde do Trabalhador,Saúde Mental,Anxiety,Absenteeism,Social Security,Occupational Health,Mental Health,Ansiedad,Absentismo,Seguridad Social,Salud Laboral,Salud Mental

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