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      Perinatal serotonergic activity: A decisive factor in the control of food intake Translated title: Atividade serotoninérgica perinatal: um fator decisivo para o controle da ingestão alimentar

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The serotoninergic system controls key events related to proper nervous system development. The neurotransmitter serotonin and the serotonin transporter are critical for this control. Availability of these components is minutely regulated during the development period, and the environment may affect their action on the nervous system. Environmental factors such as undernutrition and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft and change its anorectic action. The physiological responses promoted by serotonin on intake control decrease when requested by acute stimuli or stress, demonstrating that animals or individuals develop adaptations in response to the environmental insults they experience during the development period. Diseases, such as anxiety and obesity, appear to be associated with the body’s response to stress or stimulus, and require greater serotonergic system action. These findings demonstrate the importance of the level of serotonin in the perinatal period to the development of molecular and morphological aspects of food intake control, and its decisive role in understanding the possible environmental factors that cause diseases in adulthood.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O sistema serotoninérgico apresenta funções no controle de eventos biológicos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento adequado do sistema nervoso. A serotonina e o transportador de serotonina são indispensáveis para esta função de controle. A disponibilidade destes componentes é precisamente regulada durante o período de desenvolvimento, e podem sofrer interferências provindas do ambiente alterando sua ação sobre o sistema nervoso. A desnutrição, a inibição da recaptação da serotonina a partir de fármacos e mudanças na expressão de gênica do transportador de serotonina na gestação e lactação podem induzir o aumento de serotonina alterando sua ação anorexígena. As respostas fisiológicas desempenhadas pela serotonina no controle da ingestão exibem uma resistência quando requisitadas por estímulos ou estresses agudos, demonstrando que os animais ou indivíduos desenvolvem adaptações de acordo com as agressões ambientais sofridas no período de desenvolvimento. Patologias como, ansiedade e obesidade, parecem estar associadas à resposta do organismo a um estresse ou estímulo, necessitando de uma maior ação do sistema serotoninérgico. Estes achados demonstram a importância do conteúdo da serotonina no período perinatal ao desenvolvimento de aspectos moleculares e morfológicos do controle da ingestão alimentar, e sua função determinante para a compreensão das possíveis influências ambientais causadoras de patologias na vida adulta.

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          Most cited references48

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          Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform.

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            Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy.

            In a historical cohort study of 300,000 19-year-old men exposed to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 and examined at military induction, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal and early postnatal nutrition determines subsequent obesity. Outcomes were opposite depending on the time of exposure. During the last trimester of pregnancy and the first months of life, exposure produced significantly lower obesity rates (P less than 0.005). This result is consistent with the inference that nutritional deprivation affected a critical period of development for adipose-tissue cellularity. During the first half of pregnancy, however, exposure resulted in significantly higher obesity rates (P less than 0.0005). This observation is consistent with the inference that nutritional deprivation affected the differentiation of hypothalamic centers regulating food intake and growth, and that subsequent increased food availability produced an accumulation of excess fat in an organism growing to its predetermined maximum size.
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              The developmental role of serotonin: news from mouse molecular genetics.

              New genetic models that target the serotonin system show that transient alterations in serotonin homeostasis cause permanent changes to adult behaviour and modify the fine wiring of brain connections. These findings have revived a long-standing interest in the developmental role of serotonin. Molecular genetic approaches are now showing us that different serotonin receptors, acting at different developmental stages, modulate different developmental processes such as neurogenesis, apoptosis, axon branching and dendritogenesis. Our understanding of the specification of the serotonergic phenotype is improving. In addition, studies have revealed that serotonergic traits are dissociable, as there are populations of neurons that contain serotonin but do not synthesize it.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rn
                Revista de Nutrição
                Rev. Nutr.
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1415-5273
                1678-9865
                August 2017
                : 30
                : 4
                : 535-544
                Affiliations
                [1] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Nutrição Brazil
                [2] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Anatomia Brazil
                Article
                S1415-52732017000400535 S1415-5273(17)03000400535
                10.1590/1678-98652017000400012
                f19ff423-2a4a-4da3-b74b-8bce5a366a49

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2017
                : 08 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review

                Serotonina,Ingestão de alimentos,Desnutrição,Inibidores da captação de serotonina.,Eating,Malnutrition,Serotonin,Serotonin uptake inhibitors.

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