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      Efectos del fuego en el arbolado de un bosque tropical de pino y en el de una selva baja caducifolia en Villaflores, Chiapas Translated title: Fire effects on the trees of a tropical pine forest and a tropical dry forest at Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Debido al aumento global de incendios forestales que se espera con el cambio climático, es necesario entender mejor sus efectos y la ecología del fuego en diferentes ecosistemas. En el municipio de Villaflores, Chiapas, se hacen esfuerzos en manejo integral del fuego. En ese lugar se estudió un bosque de Pinus oocarpa Schiede y una selva baja caducifolia, incendiados 6 y 18 meses antes, respectivamente. Los objetivos fueron: modelar la probabilidad de mortalidad y de rebrotación del primero y estudiar la mortalidad, composición y adaptaciones al fuego en la segunda. En ambos bosques se registraron variables dasométricas, de severidad del fuego y se calcularon valores de importancia. Del pinar se obtuvieron modelos logísticos para estimar probabilidades de mortalidad y de rebrotación, que confirman adaptaciones al fuego y características de los árboles que les permiten sobrevivir. Valores altos en: altura, diámetros, altura a la base de las copas y grosor de corteza, reducen la probabilidad de mortalidad. Mayor altura de cicatriz sobre el tronco, la incrementa. Aunque se trata de una especie adaptada al fuego, con corteza gruesa, recuperación de copa mediante rebrotes epicórmicos, rebrotación en la base del tronco y regeneración, el incendio fue severo, con una mortalidad de 48,8% y altura media de la cicatriz del fuego sobre el tronco de 1,5 m ± 1,3 m. En la selva baja el incendio no fue severo, con mortalidad de 5%, se hallaron 37 especies arbóreas y hubo 28 de ellas con adaptaciones al fuego, como: corteza gruesa, latencia física en semilla o pireno del fruto, regeneración y rebrotación. La abundancia de especies con adaptaciones al fuego, deja ver que históricamente los incendios eliminaron especies sensibles y que esta selva, alterada, tiene más especies adaptadas al fuego que las que se pensaba y la ubica como influenciada por el fuego.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract It is expected an increase of forest fires world-wide because of global warming. So is important the study of fire ecology and fire effects in different ecosystems. In Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico, are conducted efforts towards the integral fire management. There was studied a Pinus oocarpa Schiede forest, as well as a tropical dry forest, affected by forest fires 6 and 18 months before, respectively. The objectives were: To model the probability of mortality and probability of resprouting in the former, and to study mortality, composition and fire-traits in the later. In both forests were recorded dasometric and fire severity variables, and calculated importance values. For the pine forest were obtained logistic models to estimate probabilities of mortality and basal resprouting. The obtained models confirm fire adaptations and tree-traits that facilitate tree survival. High values in tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, height to the base of crown and bark thickness, reduce probability of mortality. But high levels of fire trunk scar height, increase it. Despite this species is fire-adapted with thick bark, epicormic resprouts that restore the crown, basal resprouting and regeneration; the forest fire was severe, pine mortality reached 48,8%, and the mean trunk scar height was 1,5 m ± 1,3 m. In the tropical dry forest the fire was not severe, with a mortality of 5%, and were recorded 37 tree species, 28 of them with several fire-traits, such as: thick bark, physical dormancy in seeds or pyrene in the fruit, regeneration and resprouting. The prevalence of fire-adapted species, shows the possibility that they are the result of historic fires that eliminated sensitive species and that in this altered tropical dry forest there are more fire-adapted species than thought, so is fire-influenced.

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          Most cited references9

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          Fire ecology of Mexican pines and a fire management proposal

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            Evaluation of a post-fire tree mortality model for western USA conifers

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              Fire Regimes, Fire Ecology, and Fire Management in Mexico

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cflo
                Ciência Florestal
                Ciênc. Florest.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                0103-9954
                1980-5098
                September 2019
                : 29
                : 3
                : 1033-1047
                Affiliations
                [1] Chapingo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Chapingo orgdiv1División de Ciencias Forestales Mexico dantearturo@ 123456yahoo.com
                [3] Chiapas orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Mexico pmtz_19@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Chiapas orgnameBiomasa, A. C pmtz29@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1980-50982019000301033
                10.5902/1980509833952
                f1db29ba-fa82-4a82-9fd1-41febc27a656

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2019
                : 27 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Fire ecology,Pine forest,Pinus oocarpa,Tropical decidouos forest,Ecología del fuego,Pinar,Selva baja

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