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      The association between the levels of burnout and quality of life among fourth-year medical students at the University of the Free State

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          Abstract

          Background

          Society invests huge financial resources in training medical students. However, the academic and personal demands placed on these students can be taxing and may be detrimental to students’ quality of life leading to high levels of burnout and academic dropout rates.

          Aim

          To determine the association between the levels of burnout and quality of life among fourth-year medical students at the University of the Free State (UFS).

          Setting

          School of Medicine, UFS, Bloemfontein.

          Methods

          All fourth-year medical students in their first semester of the clinical phase were included. Data were collected using anonymous self-report measures. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measured the levels of burnout according to three subscales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal achievement), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) measured the quality of life.

          Results

          Of the 121 enrolled fourth-year medical students, 91 (75.2%) completed the questionnaires. The MBI personal achievement subscale had the highest number of participants ( n = 53; 58.2%) with high levels of reported burnout. Significant associations were found between the psychological health subscale of the WHOQOL-BREF and all three subscales of the MBI, in particular emotional exhaustion.

          Conclusion

          An association exists between the levels of burnout and quality of life among fourth-year medical students. This information could be of value to medical schools as they are in a position to implement interventions that promote students’ well-being.

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          Personal life events and medical student burnout: a multicenter study.

          Tait Shanafelt, Jeff A. Sloan, Jefrey Huntington … (2006)
          Burnout, a marker of professional distress prevalent among residents and physicians, has been speculated to originate in medical school. Little is known about burnout in medical students. The authors sought to identify the prevalence of burnout, variation of its prevalence during medical school, and the impact of personal life events on burnout and other types of student distress. All medical students (n = 1,098) attending the three medical schools in Minnesota were surveyed in spring 2004 using validated instruments to assess burnout, quality of life, depression, and alcohol use. Students were also asked about the prevalence of positive and negative personal life events in the previous 12 months. A total of 545 medical students (response rate 50%) completed the survey. Burnout was present in 239 (45%) of medical students. While the frequency of a positive depression screen and at-risk alcohol use decreased among more senior students, the frequency of burnout increased (all p < .03). The number of negative personal life events in the last 12 months also correlated with the risk of burnout (p = .0160). Personal life events demonstrated a stronger relationship to burnout than did year in training on multivariate analysis. Burnout appears common among U.S. medical students and may increase by year of schooling. Despite the notion that burnout is primarily linked to work-related stress, personal life events also demonstrated a strong relationship to professional burnout. The authors' findings suggest both personal and curricular factors are related to burnout among medical students. Efforts to decrease burnout must address both of these elements.
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            Behaviour and burnout in medical students

            Jo Cecil, Calum McHale, Jo Hart … (2014)
            Background Burnout is prevalent in doctors and can impact on job dissatisfaction and patient care. In medical students, burnout is associated with poorer self-rated health; however, it is unclear what factors influence its development. This study investigated whether health behaviours predict burnout in medical students. Methods Medical students (n=356) at the Universities of St Andrews and Manchester completed an online questionnaire assessing: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP), personal accomplishment (PA), alcohol use, physical activity, diet, and smoking. Results Approximately 55% (54.8%) of students reported high levels of EE, 34% reported high levels of DP, and 46.6% reported low levels of PA. Linear regression analysis revealed that year of study, physical activity, and smoking status significantly predicted EE whilst gender, year of study, and institution significantly predicted DP. PA was significantly predicted by alcohol binge score, year of study, gender, and physical activity. Conclusions Burnout is present in undergraduate medical students in the United Kingdom, and health behaviours, particularly physical activity, predict components of burnout. Gender, year of study, and institution also appear to influence the prevalence of burnout. Encouraging medical students to make healthier lifestyle choices early in their medical training may reduce the likelihood of the development of burnout.
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              What do medical students think about their quality of life? A qualitative study

              Patricia Tempski, Patricia L Bellodi, Helena Paro … (2012)
              Background Medical education can affect medical students’ physical and mental health as well as their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess medical students’ perceptions of their quality of life and its relationship with medical education. Methods First- to sixth-year students from six Brazilian medical schools were interviewed using focus groups to explore what medical student’s lives are like, factors related to increases and decreases of their quality of life during medical school, and how they deal with the difficulties in their training. Results Students reported a variety of difficulties and crises during medical school. Factors that were reported to decrease their quality of life included competition, unprepared teachers, excessive activities, and medical school schedules that demanded exclusive dedication. Contact with pain, death and suffering and harsh social realities influence their quality of life, as well as frustrations with the program and insecurity regarding their professional future. The scarcity of time for studying, leisure activities, relationships, and rest was considered the main factor of influence. Among factors that increase quality of life are good teachers, classes with good didactic approaches, active learning methodologies, contact with patients, and efficient time management. Students also reported that meaningful relationships with family members, friends, or teachers increase their quality of life. Conclusion Quality of teachers, curricula, healthy lifestyles related to eating habits, sleep, and physical activity modify medical students’ quality of life. Lack of time due to medical school obligations was a major impact factor. Students affirm their quality of life is influenced by their medical school experiences, but they also reframe their difficulties, herein represented by their poor quality of life, understood as necessary and inherent to the process of becoming doctors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): S Afr J Psychiatr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): S Afr J Psychiatr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): SAJPsy
                Title: The South African Journal of Psychiatry : SAJP : the Journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa
                Publisher: AOSIS
                ISSN (Print): 1608-9685
                ISSN (Electronic): 2078-6786
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 July 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 24
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1101
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Medicine, University of the Free State, South Africa
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, South Africa
                [3 ]Department of Biostatistics (G31), University of the Free State, South Africa
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Edwin du Plessis, duplesed@ 123456ufs.ac.za
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-5939
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6925
                Article
                Publisher ID: SAJPsy-24-1101
                DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v24i0.1101
                PMC ID: 6138180
                SO-VID: f1e9d68f-de97-4b4a-9029-bc5df96ea3c9
                Copyright © © 2018. The Authors
                License:

                Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

                History
                Date received : 01 February 2017
                Date accepted : 26 May 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                Data availability:

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