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      PULMONARY DISEASE IN A SAMPLE OF MUMMIES FROM THE AZ-75 CEMETERY IN NORTHERN CHILE'S AZAPA VALLEY Translated title: ENFERMEDADES PULMONARES DE UNA MUESTRA DE POBLACIÓN DEL CEMENTERIO AZ-75, VALLE DE AZAPA, NORTE DE CHILE

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          Abstract

          Eight naturally mummified bodies from a low valley archaeological site (Az-75) near the modern port city of Arica in extreme northern Chile were studied. They represent part of the prehistoric cultural phase locally called "Alto Ramirez", that followed the Chinchorro culture in the coastal area of northern Chile between about 1000 B.C. to A.D. 500. Radiocarbon results from this sample dates this group between 350 B.C.-A.D. 500. Anatomic findings in six bodies indicate evidence of lobar pneumonia from which they had recovered, while in two bodies pneumonia was the cause of death. Their agricultural occupation and the naturally dusty condition of the air in this desert región contributed to the development of silicate pneumoconiosis. Chemical reconstruction of their diet revealed that, in contrast to their marine subsistence predecessors (Chinchorros), the Alto Ramirez people relied substantially on agropastoral subsistence strategies. However, exploitation of the conveniently available marine resources constituted about one-third of their diet. Fish tapeworm infection (Diphyllobothrium pacificum), so commonly found among the Chinchorros, was absent in these bodies, suggesting they cooked their fish. If this sample is characteristic of their entire population, the introduction of agropastoralism to this coastal area was accompanied by a high level of pulmonary infections. We have initiated study of a much larger sample of mummies from all northern Chile prehistoric populations to determine whether differences in pneumonia frequency exist in these groups

          Translated abstract

          Se presentan los resultados del estudio de ocho cuerpos momificados en forma natural, del sitio arqueológico Az-75 ubicado en la parte baja del valle de Azapa en las cercanías de la moderna ciudad-puerto de Arica, extremo norte de Chile. Estos cuerpos pertenecen a la fase cultural conocida localmente como "Alto Ramírez" y sucede a la población Chinchorro, antiguos habitantes en la costa del norte de Chile, a partir de aproximadamente los 1000 a.C. hasta 500 d.C. Resultados radiocarbónicos ubican a esta muestra entre 350 a.C. a 500 d.C. Rasgos anatómicos micro y macroscópicos encontrados en los ocho cuerpos indican la evidencia de neumonía lobular que pudo complicar la salud de estos individuos o causarles la muerte. Polvo en suspensión en el aire por efecto del trabajo agrícola y la condición natural del aire en esta zona desértica con alto contenido de partículas en suspensión contribuyeron al desarrollo de la neumoconiosis silicosa. La reconstrucción de la dieta reveló que, en contraste a sus predecesores costeros (Chinchorros), la gente de Alto Ramírez dependía sustancialmente de estrategias de subsistencia agropastoriles. Sin embargo, la explotación de los abundantes y permanentes recursos marítimos constituyeron un tercio de su dieta. La ausencia de infección intestinal por lombrices transmitida a través del consumo de carne de pescado crudo, comúnmente encontrado entre los Chinchorros, sugiere que el pescado se comía cocinado. Si esta muestra caracteriza a la población en su totalidad, el desarrollo de la economía agropastoril en el área costera se caracteriza por un alta incidencia de infecciones pulmonares. Un estudio más amplio de esta población y su precedente Chinchorro, se requiere para evaluar esta observación

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          Stable isotopic analysis of human diet in the Marianas Archipelago, western Pacific.

          Proportions of marine vs. terrestrial resources in prehistoric human diets in the southern Mariana Islands (Guam, Rota, Saipan), Micronesia, have been estimated by analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen and of carbon in apatite. The isotopic composition of marine and terrestrial food resources from the Marianas have also been determined. Experimental evidence shows that collagen carbon isotopes mainly reflect those of dietary protein sources and thus overestimate the contribution of marine animal foods. Marine protein consumption apparently ranges from approximately 20% to approximately 50% on these islands. Experiments also demonstrate the carbon isotope ratio of bone apatite carbonate accurately reflects that of the whole diet. Carbonate carbon isotope data suggest some individuals consumed significant amounts of 13C-enriched (C4) plants or seaweeds. Sugar cane is an indigenous C4 crop and seaweeds are eaten throughout the Pacific, but they have not been considered by archaeologists to have been prehistoric dietary staples. Apatite carbon isotope analysis has apparently identified previously unrecognized prehistoric dietary adaptations in the Mariana Islands, but this must be confirmed by archaeobotanical evidence.
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            Paleopathology at the origins of agriculture

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              The histological examination of mummified material.

              A Sandison (1955)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                chungara
                Chungará (Arica)
                Chungará (Arica)
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Departamento de Antropología (Arica, , Chile )
                0717-7356
                July 2002
                : 34
                : 2
                : 253-263
                Affiliations
                [01] Minnesota orgnameUniversity of Minnesota orgdiv1Department of Pathology orgdiv2Paleobiology Laboratory U.S.A. aaufderh@ 123456d.umn.edu
                Article
                S0717-73562002000200007 S0717-7356(02)03400207
                10.4067/S0717-73562002000200007
                f1eae429-cea7-4d5a-9e9b-fff066c6ae39

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : September 2002
                : August 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                momias,paleopatología,silicate pneumoconiosis,Pneumonia,dieta,Alto Ramírez,pneumoconiosis sílica,Neumonía,paleopathology,mummies,diet,Alto Ramirez

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