Inviting an author to review:
Find an author and click ‘Invite to review selected article’ near their name.
Search for authorsSearch for similar articles
9
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      El desarrollo conceptual de la ciencia cognitiva. Parte I Translated title: The Conceptual Development of Cognitive Science. Part I

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introducción: La ciencia cognitiva se ha constituido en el paradigma mental más influyente de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI. Sus conceptos, el planteamiento de los problemas y las soluciones a estos han sufrido modificaciones significativas en el curso de pocos años. Método: Presentación y discusión de los fundamentos de la ciencia cognitiva en cuatro etapas: los inicios, el cognitivismo clásico, el conexionismo y la corporalización-en acción. Desarrollo y conclusión: Los inicios están marcados por la construcción de las computadoras modernas y la aparición de la teoría de la información. El cognitivismo clásico comenzó en 1956 con la noción de que todos los sistemas procesadores de información, incluido el cerebro humano, comparten los mismos principios. A partir de la analogía entre la computadora y el cerebro, se consideró apropiado estudiar la mente como si se tratara de un software. El conexionismo, también llamado procesamiento distribuido en paralelo o de redes neuronales, permite explicar la rapidez con que se realizan los procesos cognitivos y su resistencia a los daños. No trabaja con símbolos, sino con patrones de activación y desactivación de las unidades componentes y de transmisión de señales entre ellas. En percepción y memoria se encuentran los casos típicos de tareas realizadas por redes neuronales, por ejemplo, reconocimiento de patrones (rostros, palabras a partir de letras, etc.).

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Cognitive science has become the most influential mental paradigm of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Its concepts and approach to problems and solutions have changed significantly in the course of a few years. Method: The fundamental concepts of cognitive science are presented and discussed, divided into four stages: The beginnings, classical cognitivism, connectionism, and embodiment-enaction. Development and Conclusion: The beginnings are marked by the construction of modern computers and the advent of information theory. Classical cognitivism began in 1956 with the notion that all information processing systems, including the human brain, share the same principles. From the analogy between computer and brain, it was considered appropriate to study the mind as if it were software. Connectionism, also called parallel distributed processing or neural networks get these names because of their underlying computational architecture. It helps explain the speed with which cognitive processes are performed and resistance to damage, being closer to biology. It does not work with representations, but with patterns of activation and deactivation of the component units and transmission of signals between them. Typical cases of tasks performed by neural networks are found in perception and memory, for example, pattern recognition (faces, words from letters, etc).

          Related collections

          Most cited references20

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Computing Machinery and Intelligence

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Book: not found

            Cognitive psychology

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Attention, short-term memory, and action selection: a unifying theory.

              Cognitive behaviour requires complex context-dependent processing of information that emerges from the links between attentional perceptual processes, working memory and reward-based evaluation of the performed actions. We describe a computational neuroscience theoretical framework which shows how an attentional state held in a short term memory in the prefrontal cortex can by top-down processing influence ventral and dorsal stream cortical areas using biased competition to account for many aspects of visual attention. We also show how within the prefrontal cortex an attentional bias can influence the mapping of sensory inputs to motor outputs, and thus play an important role in decision making. We also show how the absence of expected rewards can switch an attentional bias signal, and thus rapidly and flexibly alter cognitive performance. This theoretical framework incorporates spiking and synaptic dynamics which enable single neuron responses, fMRI activations, psychophysical results, the effects of pharmacological agents, and the effects of damage to parts of the system to be explicitly simulated and predicted. This computational neuroscience framework provides an approach for integrating different levels of investigation of brain function, and for understanding the relations between them. The models also directly address how bottom-up and top-down processes interact in visual cognition, and show how some apparently serial processes reflect the operation of interacting parallel distributed systems.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
                rev.colomb.psiquiatr.
                Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria. (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0034-7450
                September 2011
                : 40
                : 3
                : 519-533
                Affiliations
                [01] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad del Rosario Colombia
                Article
                S0034-74502011000300011 S0034-7450(11)04000311
                f3f30801-d91d-4bd4-93ab-c64d3660e22d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2011
                : 30 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Epistemología, filosofía de la mente y bioética

                representation,cognitivism,connectionism,computation,cognition,Cognitive science,representación,cognitivismo,conexionismo,computación,cognición,Ciencia cognitiva

                Comments

                Comment on this article