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      Rediscovery of Eremobittacus spinulatus Byers (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) in Mexico, with description of the female and comments on sexual dimorphism and potential mimicry

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The female of Eremobittacus spinulatus Byers, 1997 is described for the first time. A key to the two species known of this genus endemic to Mexico is provided, and species distribution is illustrated. A case is made for adults of Eremobittacus to be sexually dimorphic, which appears to be an exceptional occurrence in Bittacidae . It is claimed that Eremobittacus spinulatus habitus has a wasp-like appearance, which may potentially depict a case of mimicry.

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          Biology of the Mecoptera

          G. W. Byers, R E Thornhill (1983)
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            Jurassic mimicry between a hangingfly and a ginkgo from China.

            Dong Ren, Yunyun Zhao, Yongjie Wang … (2012)
            A near-perfect mimetic association between a mecopteran insect species and a ginkgoalean plant species from the late Middle Jurassic of northeastern China recently has been discovered. The association stems from a case of mixed identity between a particular plant and an insect in the laboratory and the field. This confusion is explained as a case of leaf mimesis, wherein the appearance of the multilobed leaf of Yimaia capituliformis (the ginkgoalean model) was accurately replicated by the wings and abdomen of the cimbrophlebiid Juracimbrophlebia ginkgofolia (the hangingfly mimic). Our results suggest that hangingflies developed leaf mimesis either as an antipredator avoidance device or possibly as a predatory strategy to provide an antiherbivore function for its plant hosts, thus gaining mutual benefit for both the hangingfly and the ginkgo species. This documentation of mimesis is a rare occasion whereby exquisitely preserved, co-occurring fossils occupy a narrow spatiotemporal window that reveal likely reciprocal mechanisms which plants and insects provide mutual defensive support during their preangiospermous evolutionary histories.
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              Alternative Female Choice Tactics in the ScorpionflyHylobittacus apicalis(Mecoptera) and Their Implications

              RANDY THORNHILL (1984)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Zookeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ZooKeys
                Title: ZooKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 November 2015
                Issue: 539
                Pages: 111-117
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
                [2 ]Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Departamento de Zoología, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
                [3 ]Maestría en Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F., Mexico
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Atilano Contreras-Ramos ( acontreras@ 123456ib.unam.mx )

                Academic editor: B. Price

                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.539.6623
                PMC ID: 4714058
                SO-VID: f4161a96-1ce0-4f5f-9228-1958616b8af3
                Copyright © Fernando Villagomez, Atilano Contreras-Ramos, Yesenia Marquez-López
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 19 September 2015
                Date accepted : 3 November 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: hangingfly,sexually dimorphic,tropical dry forest,taxonomy,key,mimicry,animalia,mecoptera,bittacidae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: hangingfly, sexually dimorphic, tropical dry forest, taxonomy, key, mimicry, animalia, mecoptera, bittacidae

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