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      Lo arbitrario del lenguaje y el lugar de la cultura

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          Abstract

          Se investiga una línea de pensamiento, partiendo del materialismo antiguo (Epicuro) y en su desarrollo posterior por la filosofía del Iluminismo (Locke, Condillac): el postulado de un origen "natural" para el lenguaje (corporal, de respuesta al ambiente) y una evolución que lo refunda como social y por tanto arbitrario. Se analiza la idea de delimitación del mundo natural como primera condición para la supervivencia, es decir, para la producción de bienes. Aparece así la cultura, que desde temprano es asociada con cultivo. Sus delimitaciones son sancionadas por el lenguaje a través de los nombres, que no designan sustancias, sino agrupamientos arbitrarios de cualidades. Los nombres son sólo formas diferenciadoras, variables, tanto como son variables las impresiones sensoriales de individuo a individuo; es la cultura lo que viene a garantizar el acuerdo, a producir el efecto de uniformidad de las designaciones. El lenguaje es, entonces, un modo de nombrar un mundo clasificado de una cierta manera para producir predicaciones estables entre quienes comparten esas clasificaciones, entre quienes comparten una cultura.

          Translated abstract

          This is the study of a line of thought rooted in ancient materialism (Epicure) and its further development through the philosophy of Enlightenment (Locke, Condillac): the stating of a "natural" origin for language (as a corporal response to the environment) and, later on, a redefinition of that original basis as being social, and therefore, arbitrary. The idea of delimitation of the natural world is introduced as the prime condition for survival, i.e., for the production of goods. Culture is then associated to the idea of cultivation. Its delimitations are sanctioned by language by means of names, which do not refer to substances, but to arbitrary collections of qualities. Names are only differentiating, variable forms, just as sensorial impressions are variable from an individual to another. Culture works as a guarantee of agreement, producing a uniform effect for designations. Language is then a means of naming a world which is classified in a certain way so as to allow stable predications among those who share such classifications, thus sharing a culture.

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          Most cited references20

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          La révolution technologique de la grammatisation.

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            Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano

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              Histoire des idées linguistiques

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pp
                Pro-Posições
                Pro-Posições
                UNICAMP - Faculdade de Educação (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1980-6248
                April 2008
                : 19
                : 1
                : 189-201
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Filosofía y Letras orgdiv2Instituto de Lingüistica cluis@ 123456filo.uba.ar
                Article
                S0103-73072008000100019 S0103-7307(08)01900119
                10.1590/S0103-73072008000100019
                f4720209-75b8-4d97-9c91-a52ead444238

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 November 2007
                : 06 August 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                linguistics,cultura,filosofía del lenguaje,semiótica,lingüística,comunicación,culture,philosophy of language,semiotics,communication

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