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      Purpuriocillium lilacinum infection in captive loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings

      case-report

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          Abstract

          This paper reports a case of Purpureocillium lilacinum infection in seven loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta) hatchlings kept in an aquarium under inadequate condition. The fungus was isolated from skin and pulmonary lesions. Metilene blue and NaCl solutions, Schinus terebinthifolius and eucalyptus essential oils Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were determined indicating new possibilities for treatment.

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          Purpureocillium, a new genus for the medically important Paecilomyces lilacinus.

          Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Jos Houbraken, Tineke van Doorn … (2011)
          Paecilomyces lilacinus was described more than a century ago and is a commonly occurring fungus in soil. However, in the last decade this fungus has been increasingly found as the causal agent of infections in man and other vertebrates. Most cases of disease are described from patients with compromised immune systems or intraocular lens implants. In this study, we compared clinical isolates with strains isolated from soil, insects and nematodes using 18S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) sequences. Our data show that P. lilacinus is not related to Paecilomyces, represented by the well-known thermophilic and often pathogenic Paecilomyces variotii. The new genus name Purpureocillium is proposed for P. lilacinus and the new combination Purpureocillium lilacinum is made here. Furthermore, the examined Purpureocillium lilacinum isolated grouped in two clades based on ITS and partial TEF sequences. The ITS and TEF sequences of the Purpureocillium lilacinum isolates used for biocontrol of nematode pests are identical to those causing infections in (immunocompromised) humans. The use of high concentrations of Purpureocillium lilacinum spores for biocontrol poses a health risk in immunocompromised humans and more research is needed to determine the pathogenicity factors of Purpureocillium lilacinum. 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes

            RA SAMSON, R Samson, RA Samson … (1974)
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              Colorimetric broth microdilution method for the antifungal screening of plant extracts against yeasts.

              I. Gray, Manjuan Liu, David Katerere … (2007)
              Screening plant extracts for antifungal activity is increasing due to demand for new antifungal agents, but the testing methods present many challenges. Standard broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of available antifungal agents are available now, but these methods are optimised for single compounds instead of crude plant extracts. In this study we evaluated the standard NCCLS method as well as a modification which uses spectrophotometric determination of the end-points with a plate reader. We also evaluated another standard method, the EUCAST method, which is a similar microdilution assay to the NCCLS method, but uses a larger inoculum size and a higher glucose concentration in the medium as well as spectrophotometric end-point determination. The results showed that all three methods had some drawbacks for testing plant extracts and thus we modified the NCCLS broth microdilution method by including a colorimetric indicator-resazurin for end-point determination. This modified method showed good reproducibility and clear-cut end-point, plus the end-point determination needed no instruments. It enabled us to evaluate the activity of a selection of extracts from six Combretaceous plants against three Candida spp. and thus provided pharmacological evidence for some traditional uses of these plants while assisting the identification of the active ingredients.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marcelo Renan de Deus Santos
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Mycol Case Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Mycol Case Rep
                Title: Medical Mycology Case Reports
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2211-7539
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 October 2018
                Publication date Collection: March 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 October 2018
                Volume: 23
                Pages: 8-11
                Affiliations
                [a ]Universidade Vila Velha, R. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo 29102-623, Brazil
                [b ]Instituto Marcos Daniel, Vitória 29055-290, Brazil
                [c ]Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquimica e Bioprospecção de Fungos – IOC/FIOCRUZ, 21040-900, Brazil
                [d ]Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos – INI/FIOCRUZ, 21040-900, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Universidade Vila Velha, R. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-623, Brazil. mrenan@ 123456uvv.br
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2211-7539(18)30057-5
                DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.10.002
                PMC ID: 6222136
                SO-VID: f4d39b41-e368-4ec7-bde9-e988b75c62c1
                Copyright © © 2018 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 April 2018
                Date revision received : 20 September 2018
                Date accepted : 22 October 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: caretta caretta,disease,mycosis,husbandry,treatment
                Data availability:
                Keywords: caretta caretta, disease, mycosis, husbandry, treatment

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