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Abstract
Recent studies on diverse taxa suggest that natural selection caused by shifts in
ecology or invasions of novel habitats plays an important role in adaptive divergence
and speciation. Exciting new studies integrating approaches from both the field and
the laboratory suggest that ecological shifts can result in extremely rapid rates
of evolutionary divergence. Although experimental approaches that link rapid ecological
divergence to reproductive isolation and speciation are in their infancy, recent research
indicates those approaches that will be most useful.