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      Rana catesbeiana, pólvora e modulação supramolecular cicatrização intestinal e prognóstico no câncer de cólon: uma mesma origem biológica para o insucesso? Translated title: Rana catesbeiana, Gunpowder and Supramolecular Modulation Intestinal Healing and Prognosis in Colon Cancer: The Same Biological Origin of the Failure?

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          Abstract

          A cicatrização e remodelação do cólon resultam das modificações do colágeno na matriz extracelular. Algumas condições desequilibram sua renovação, enfraquecendo a resistência mecânica a cicatriz, como resultado da atividade elevada das metaloproteinases locais, e levando a um alto risco de deiscência. As metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) constituem uma família de endopeptidases zinco-dependentes - metzincinas. São reconhecidos atualmente, em humanos, cerca de 24 genes responsáveis por cada uma delas. A colagenase (MMP-1) foi identificada por Gross e Lapière (1962) na cauda do girino da rã-touro americana. No câncer as MMPs tem ocupado um lugar especial. Evidências de que a célula neoplásica é capaz de interferir na modulação desta enzima - um co-fator associado à invasividade local e disseminação metastática. As MMP-2 e -7 são observadas com frequência no câncer de cólon, a MMP-12 parece exercer um efeito protetor (melhor prognóstico) e, ao contrário, a MMP-3 o torna pior. A associação entre alta atividade de MMPs, o pior prognóstico do câncer e o maior risco de deiscência de anastomose intestinal já vem sendo considerada, sugerindo uma trilogia consistente. A terapia farmacológica (inibidores MMPs) tem sido investigada, também para o controle do câncer. O artigo discute as informações mais relevantes e atualizadas sobre o assunto.

          Translated abstract

          Colon healing and remodeling depends on the collagen changes in extracellular matrix. Some conditions, disrupt its turnover, causing strength weakening of the scar, as a result of high activity of local matrix metalloproteinases, causing a high risk of dehiscence. The extracellular matrix metalloproteinases are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, or metzincines, and have been currently recognized in humans about 24 genes responsible for each one. The first MMP, colagenase (MMP-1), was described by Gross and Lapière (1962), while studying tadpole resorption of the American bullfrog. Metalloproteinases activity in cancer research, has taken a special place. Currently, evidences points to the cancer cell ability to interfere with enzymatic activity modulation - an co-factor which affects local invasiveness and metastatic dissemination. Both MMPs-2 and -7 have been frequently observed in colon cancer. Moreover, MMP-12 seems to counteract MMP-7 effect therefore considered as a protector and associated with better prognosis, in contrast to MMP-3, which may be responsible for a worse outcome. Association between high activity of MMPs, the prognosis of cancer and increased risk of intestinal anastomotic leakage has been highlighted, suggesting a consistent trilogy. Pharmacological therapy using MMPs inhibitors has been extensively studied, especially targeted for cancer control. The article discusses the most relevant information and updated information on the subject.

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          CIRCULAR SUTURE OF THE INTESTINE–AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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            Clinical review: Healing in gastrointestinal anastomoses, part II.

            Complications arising from gastrointestinal anastomosis failures are a major source of morbidity and mortality. This review examines the effects of local blood flow on anastomotic healing, and discusses strategies for improving perfusion. Disruption of blood supply plays a significant role in the development of anastomotic leakage. Several methods have been suggested to improve perfusion. Omental pedicles have been employed as buttresses to promote angiogenesis, but efficacy in preventing anastomotic dehiscence has not been established. The administration of exogenous pharmacologic agents (such as vascular endothelial growth factor) is another potential strategy, although the oncological safety of this approach has been questioned. Two techniques which show promise in reducing anastomotic leakage rates include the vascular augmentation of grafts at risk for ischemia (supercharging) and ischemic conditioning (utilizing the delay phenomenon). Further studies of these strategies are needed to establish their efficacy and safety for routine use in gastrointestinal anastomoses. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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              Tumour matrilysin expression predicts metastatic potential of stage I (pT1) colon and rectal cancers.

              Nodal metastases are indisputable determinants of prognosis for colon and rectal cancer. Using classical histological criteria, many attempts to predict nodal metastasis have failed, preventing the adequate management of stage I (pT1) cancer. We investigated the role of tumour matrilysin in predicting metastatic potential, and discuss its potential use in individualising treatment of pT1 colon and rectal cancer. The gene signature associated with nodal metastasis was investigated by cDNA array in 24 colon and rectal cancers. We studied 494 colon and rectal cancer patients to identify risk factors for nodal metastasis and evaluated the potential to predict nodal metastasis by either the logistic regression model or the Bayesian neural network model with built-in matrilysin. We then inferred possible causality of nodal metastasis from structural equation modelling. cDNA array revealed that matrilysin was maximally upregulated in the metastasis signature identified. Tumour matrilysin expression emerged as a stage independent risk factor for nodal metastasis, resulting in a similar predictive performance in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the two models. A Bayesian approach called automatic relevance determination identified matrilysin as one of the most relevant predictors examined. Structural equation modelling suggested possible direct causality between matrilysin and nodal metastasis. We have provided evidence that tumour matrilysin expression is a promising biomarker predicting nodal metastasis of colon and rectal cancer. Analysis of tumour matrilysin expression would help clinicians achieve the goal of individualised cancer treatment based on the metastatic potential of pT1 colon and rectal cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbc
                Revista Brasileira de Coloproctologia
                Rev bras. colo-proctol.
                Cidade Editora Científica Ltda (Rio de Janeiro )
                0101-9880
                June 2010
                : 30
                : 2
                : 141-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S0101-98802010000200004
                10.1590/S0101-98802010000200004
                f6101db3-7776-40d6-b688-2fbff51852da

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-9880&lng=en
                Categories
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
                SURGERY

                Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Surgery
                Colorectal surgery,matriz metalloproteinases,wound healing,colon cancer,dehiscence,Cirurgia colorretal,metaloproteinases da matriz,câncer de cólon,cicatrização de feridas,deiscência

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