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      A Walnut-Enriched Diet Reduces the Growth of LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice

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          Abstract

          It was investigated whether a standard mouse diet (AIN-76A) supplemented with walnuts reduced the establishment and growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in nude (nu/nu) mice. The walnut-enriched diet reduced the number of tumors and the growth of the LNCaP xenografts; 3 of 16 (18.7%) of the walnut-fed mice developed tumors; conversely, 14 of 32 mice (44.0%) of the control diet-fed animals developed tumors. Similarly, the xenografts in the walnut-fed animals grew more slowly than those in the control diet mice. The final average tumor size in the walnut-diet animals was roughly one-fourth the average size of the prostate tumors in the mice that ate the control diet.

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          Melatonin as a natural ally against oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination.

          Annia Galano, Dun Tan, Russel Reiter (2011)
          Oxidative stress has been proven to be related to the onset of a large number of health disorders. This chemical stress is triggered by an excess of free radicals, which are generated in cells because of a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous processes. Therefore, finding strategies for efficiently detoxifying free radicals has become a subject of a great interest, from both an academic and practical points of view. Melatonin is a ubiquitous and versatile molecule that exhibits most of the desirable characteristics of a good antioxidant. The amount of data gathered so far regarding the protective action of melatonin against oxidative stress is overwhelming. However, rather little is known concerning the chemical mechanisms involved in this activity. This review summarizes the current progress in understanding the physicochemical insights related to the free radical-scavenging activity of melatonin. Thus far, there is a general agreement that electron transfer and hydrogen transfer are the main mechanisms involved in the reactions of melatonin with free radicals. However, the relative importance of other mechanisms is also analyzed. The chemical nature of the reacting free radical also has an influence on the relative importance of the different mechanisms of these reactions. Therefore, this point has also been discussed in detail in the current review. Based on the available data, it is concluded that melatonin efficiently protects against oxidative stress by a variety of mechanisms. Moreover, it is proposed that even though it has been referred to as the chemical expression of darkness, perhaps it could also be referred to as the chemical light of health. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
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            Report of the American Institute of Nurtition ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies.

            J Knapka, J Bieri, FH Nielsen … (1977)
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              Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs

              Maheep Chahar, Neelu Sharma, Mahabeer Dobhal … (2011)
              An exponential increase in the number of studies investigating how different components of the diet interact at the molecular and cellular level to determine the fate of a cell has been witnessed. In search for anticancer drugs compelling data from laboratories, epidemiologic investigations, and human clinical trials showed that flavonoids have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In many molecular mechanisms of action for prevention against cancer, flavonoids play a major role by interacting between different types of genes and enzymes. Many mechanisms of action have been identified, including carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, antioxidation, and reversal of multidrug resistance or a combination of these mechanisms. This review focuses on the anticancer activity of flavonoids as well as their molecular mechanisms, including the treatment of mammary and prostate cancer. This review also highlights some advanced derivatives of flavonoids, which play an important role against cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Invest
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Invest
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CNV
                Title: Cancer Investigation
                Publisher: Informa Healthcare
                ISSN (Print): 0735-7907
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-4192
                Publication date (Print): July 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 June 2013
                Volume: 31
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 365-373
                Affiliations
                1Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas, USA,
                2Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine , Huntington, West Virginia, USA,
                3Veterans Administration Hospital , San Antonio, Texas, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Russell J. Reiter, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas, USA. reiter@ 123456uthscsa.edu
                Article
                DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.800095
                PMC ID: 3709881
                PubMed ID: 23758186
                SO-VID: f616a618-168c-430d-92a8-c9a92a738139
                Copyright © © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.

                History
                Date revision received : 17 April 2013
                Date accepted : 24 April 2013
                Date received : 21 March 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Causation and Prevention

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: lncap cells,prostate cancer,walnuts,f2-isoprostanes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: lncap cells, prostate cancer, walnuts, f2-isoprostanes

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